LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Grammar, one piece at a time · Sep 14, 2026

〜によると: "according to," and the そうです you must not drop

〜によると names where you got your information, and the sentence it opens must close with そうです, らしいです or ということです. Finishing flat — 天気予報てんきよほうによると、あめります — quietly converts the forecast into your own prediction, which is not what you meant.

This is a two-part construction. Learners reliably remember the first half and forget the second, and the result is a sentence that sounds like you are personally guaranteeing the weather.

The basics

The shape

source + によると + statement + そうです

天気予報てんきよほうによると、明日あしたあめるそうです。 — According to the forecast, it'll rain tomorrow. (polite) ニュースによると、地震じしんがあったそうです。 — According to the news, there was an earthquake. (polite)

The によると half names the source. The そうです half marks the statement as reported. Both halves are doing necessary work, and the second one is the one people drop.

What can close the sentence

Ending Feel
〜そうです Neutral reporting — the default
〜らしいです Slightly less committed
〜ということです Formal, common in business and news
〜とのことです Very formal, written

担当者たんとうしゃによると、今週中こんしゅうちゅうとどくとのことです。 — According to the person in charge, it will arrive this week. (very formal — business email)

そうです is the one to master first. For the difference between this そうです and the other そう (the one meaning "looks like"), see そうです: looks like vs I heard — they attach differently and mean unrelated things.

What counts as a source

Anything that can be quoted: a person, a document, a broadcast, a study.

友達ともだちによると、あのみせはもうまったそうです。 — According to a friend, that shop has closed. (polite) 調査ちょうさによると、日本人にほんじん約半分やくはんぶんがそうこたえたそうです。 — According to the survey, about half of Japanese people answered that way. (polite — note: this is an example sentence, not a real statistic)

You cannot use によると with yourself. わたしによると is not a sentence — for your own view, use わたしは…とおもいます.

Beyond the basics

によると vs によって: two completely different grammar points

They share によ and nothing else.

Form Meaning Example
〜によると According to (source of information) ニュースによると
〜によって Depending on / by means of / by (agent) ひとによって

ひとによってちがいます。 — It depends on the person. (polite — によって, not によると)

If you can replace the English with "according to," it is によると. If you can replace it with "depending on," "by means of," or a passive "by," it is によって. Learners at this level mix them up constantly, and the sentences come out sounding almost right.

によれば is the formal twin

報告書ほうこくしょによれば、問題もんだいはすでに解決かいけつしたということです。 — According to the report, the problem has already been resolved. (formal, written)

によると and によれば mean the same thing; によれば is more written and slightly stiffer. In speech, によると is the natural choice almost always.

The casual version has no によると at all

In conversation, Japanese usually names the source with a plain quotation instead:

友達ともだちが、あのみせもうまったってってた。 — A friend said that shop has closed. (casual — ってってた does the whole job)

〜ってってた is what people actually say. によると belongs to slightly careful speech, news, and writing. Knowing both means you can move between registers instead of sounding formal with friends.

Why the そうです matters so much

Japanese draws a hard line between what you know and what you were told. らしい, ようだ and みたい all exist to mark that line, and そうです is the plainest of the family. Dropping it does not just sound unfinished — it changes who is responsible for the claim.

明日あしたあめります。 — It will rain tomorrow. (polite — you are asserting this) 明日あしたあめるそうです。 — I hear it'll rain tomorrow. (polite — someone else is)

In a work context, that distinction has consequences, which is why business Japanese leans so heavily on とのことです.

The reporting そうだ attaches to the plain form

Unlike the "looks like" そう, the hearsay そうだ takes the plain form of anything, with no changes:

Word type Form Example
Verb plain るそうです
い-adjective plain たかいそうです
な-adjective 便利べんりだそうです
Noun 学生がくせいだそうです

Note that な-adjectives and nouns keep their だ here — the opposite of what happens before かもしれない.

Common mistakes

  • Dropping そうです. 天気予報てんきよほうによると、明日あしたあめります makes it your forecast.
  • Using によると for your own opinion. わたしによると is not Japanese.
  • Confusing によると and によって. "According to" vs "depending on."
  • Dropping だ before そうです. 便利べんりそうです means "it looks convenient"; 便利べんりそうです means "I hear it's convenient." One syllable, two different grammar points.
  • Using によると with friends. ってってた is what a native speaker says in casual conversation.

Practice

Answers are hidden — build yours first, then open. Questions 6 and 7 are a pair: one だ decides which grammar point you used.

1. Say "according to the forecast, it'll rain tomorrow."

Show answer

天気予報てんきよほうによると、明日あしたあめるそうです — both halves are required: によると names the source, そうです marks it as reported.

2. Something is wrong here: ニュースによると、地震じしんがありました。

Show answer

地震じしんがあったそうです — without そうです you are reporting the earthquake as your own knowledge.

3. Something is wrong here: わたしによると、このみせはおいしいです。

Show answer

わたしはこのみせはおいしいとおもいます — によると needs an external source. You cannot cite yourself.

4. Rewrite ニュースによると… for a formal business email.

Show answer

担当者たんとうしゃによると、〜とのことです — とのことです is the formal written closer, and によれば is the stiffer form of によると.

5. Say the same thing casually: a friend told you the shop closed.

Show answer

友達ともだちが、あのみせもうまったってってた — casual Japanese quotes directly. によると belongs to careful speech and writing.

6. What does 便利べんりそうです mean?

Show answer

"It looks convenient" — the appearance そう, attached to the bare stem.

7. What does 便利べんりだそうです mean?

Show answer

"I hear it's convenient" — the hearsay そうだ, which keeps the だ. This is the pair to question 6: one syllable, two grammar points.

8. Something is wrong here: ひとによるとちがいます。

Show answer

ひとによってちがいます — "depending on" is によって. によると is only "according to."

9. Why does dropping そうです matter in a work email?

Show answer

It moves responsibility for the claim onto you — Japanese marks the line between what you know and what you were told, and business writing takes that line seriously.

10. Attach the hearsay そうです to 学生がくせい.

Show answer

学生がくせいだそうです — nouns keep their だ before the hearsay そうだ, unlike before かもしれない where the だ is deleted.

FAQ

Can によると come in the middle of a sentence? It normally opens the sentence, but it can follow a topic: この記事きじは、専門家せんもんかによると間違まちがいだそうです. Front position is clearer.

Is 〜によりますと a real form? Yes — it is the polite-verb version, common in news broadcasts. 気象庁きしょうちょうによりますと… is a standard NHK opening.

Do I need によると if I already use そうです? No. あめるそうです is complete without naming a source. によると adds the citation.

What about 〜って? The casual quoting particle: あめるって ("apparently it'll rain"). Very common, very informal.

Can らしいです replace そうです here? Yes, with a small shift: らしい keeps a bit more distance from the claim. Both are correct after によると.

Is によると used with written sources? Constantly: 記事きじによると, 説明書せつめいしょによると, データによると. Written sources are its natural home.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

天気予報	てんきよほう — weather forecast
明日	あした — tomorrow
雨	あめ — rain
降る	ふる — to fall (rain)
地震	じしん — earthquake
友達	ともだち — friend
店	みせ — shop
閉まる	しまる — to close
調査	ちょうさ — survey, investigation
答える	こたえる — to answer
担当者	たんとうしゃ — person in charge
今週	こんしゅう — this week
届く	とどく — to arrive, to be delivered
報告書	ほうこくしょ — report
問題	もんだい — problem
解決	かいけつ — resolution
違う	ちがう — to differ
便利	べんり — convenient
学生	がくせい — student
記事	きじ — article
専門家	せんもんか — expert
説明書	せつめいしょ — instruction manual

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. Learners get によると right and then stop, because in English "according to the forecast, it will rain tomorrow" is a complete sentence. In Japanese it isn't — and the missing half is the half that says the forecast is not yours.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4

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