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N2Lesson notes · Sep 27, 2026

Ni watatte grammar: 〜にわたって vs 〜にかけて, "over" a period

〜にわたって (ni watatte) means "over the whole of" a span — 三日間みっかかんにわたって会議かいぎが行おこなわれた, "the meeting was held over three days." 〜にかけて (ni kakete) means "from around A to around B," with fuzzy edges: 夜よるから朝あさにかけて雨あめが降ふる, "it will rain from night into the morning." にわたって stresses how big the span is; にかけて just marks where it roughly starts and ends.

Both translate as "over" or "across," so learners use them interchangeably. They aren't. The quick test: if the sentence is impressed by the size — three days, ten years, the whole country — it wants にわたって. If it is giving a rough range between two points, it wants にかけて.

The basics

What does 〜にわたって mean?

わたる means "to extend across" or "to cross over." So 〜にわたって says an action or state covers the entire span in front of it, from one end to the other.

It attaches directly to a noun that shows a span: a length of time, an area, or a range of things.

工事こうじは二年にねんにわたって続つづいた。 — The construction went on for two whole years. (neutral, news or report) 台風たいふうの被害ひがいは広ひろい地域ちいきにわたった。 — The typhoon damage covered a wide area. (formal, news)

The feeling is "all the way across, and that's a lot." You rarely see にわたって with small spans. 五分ごぶにわたって sounds like a joke, because five minutes isn't impressive. Write a span of months with ヶ月げつ, as in 二ヶ月にかげつにわたって, because 二月にがつ alone means February, the mix-up duration counters calls the most expensive error on its page.

What does 〜にかけて mean?

にかけて marks a rough range between two points. It usually comes as AからBにかけて, and the edges are loose: somewhere around A to somewhere around B.

今夜こんやから明日あしたの朝あさにかけて、雨あめが降ふるでしょう。 — Rain is expected from tonight into tomorrow morning. (polite, a weather forecast) 関東かんとうから東北とうほくにかけて、雪ゆきが降ふりました。 — Snow fell from the Kanto region through Tohoku. (polite, news)

Weather forecasts are full of にかけて, which makes it one of the easiest grammar points to practise by just listening to the news.

How are the two different?

〜にわたって 〜にかけて
Core meaning Over the whole span From around A to around B
Focus How big the span is Where it roughly starts and ends
Typical form Number + にわたって AからBにかけて
Edges Complete, the entire span Fuzzy, "around"
Example 三日間みっかかんにわたって 月曜げつようから水曜すいようにかけて

会議かいぎは三日間みっかかんにわたって行おこなわれた。 — The meeting was held over three full days. (stresses the length) 会議かいぎは月曜げつようから水曜すいようにかけて行おこなわれた。 — The meeting was held from Monday to Wednesday. (just gives the range)

Same event, different point. The first sounds like it was a long, serious meeting. The second is a plain schedule.

Beyond the basics

What is 〜にわたる?

Before a noun, にわたって becomes にわたる. This is very common in formal writing.

長年ながねんにわたる研究けんきゅうの結果けっか、新あたらしい薬くすりができた。 — After many years of research, a new medicine was developed. (formal, a news article) 質問しつもんは多岐たきにわたった。 — The questions covered a wide range of topics. (formal, a report on a Q&A session)

多岐たきにわたる (たきにわたる) is a set phrase meaning "wide-ranging." You will see it in job ads and company websites: 業務ぎょうむは多岐たきにわたります, "the duties are varied."

What is 〜にわたり?

にわたり is the written, slightly stiffer form of にわたって. It shows up in news, official notices and reports.

本日ほんじつは長時間ちょうじかんにわたり、ありがとうございました。 — Thank you for your time over this long session. (very polite, closing a long meeting)

That sentence is a fixed phrase at the end of seminars and long meetings. Worth memorizing even if you never use にわたり anywhere else.

What does 〜にかけては mean?

Add は and the meaning changes completely. 〜にかけては means "when it comes to ~," and it is used to say someone is the best at something.

料理りょうりにかけては、姉あねに勝かてる人ひとはいない。 — When it comes to cooking, nobody can beat my older sister. (casual, bragging about family)

This is the version anime characters love: 剣つるぎの腕うでにかけては誰だれにも負まけない! — "When it comes to swordsmanship, I won't lose to anyone!"

How is にかけて different from から〜まで?

から〜まで has exact edges. から〜にかけて has fuzzy ones.

九時くじから五時ごじまで働はたらきます。 — I work from nine to five. (exact hours) 夏なつから秋あきにかけて忙いそがしくなります。 — Things get busy from around summer into autumn. (a rough season)

That is why shop hours, class times and train schedules use まで, and forecasts, seasons and regions use にかけて. If you could draw the start and end on a clock, it is まで. If the edges blur, it is にかけて. Swapping them isn't always wrong, but 九時くじから五時ごじにかけて働はたらきます sounds like you aren't sure when your shift is.

What about 〜を通とおして?

を通とおして (をとおして) means "throughout" a period, evenly all the way through. It is often used for seasons and years.

この町まちは一年いちねんを通とおして暖あたたかい。 — This town is warm all year round. (neutral)

The difference from にわたって: を通とおして is about something that stays the same the whole time. にわたって is about something that covered a long span, often something big or effortful.

Is にわたって ever used in conversation?

Rarely. In casual speech, people say ずっと or 〜も続つづいた instead: 工事こうじが二年にねんも続つづいたんだよ. にわたって belongs to news, reports, speeches and formal writing. Knowing it matters more for reading and listening than for speaking. For the everyday way to say "all day" or "all week," see 〜中なか (じゅう/ちゅう).

Common mistakes

  • Using にわたって with a small span. 十分じゅうぶんにわたって話はなした sounds dramatic for ten minutes. Use 十分間じゅっぷんかん話はなした.
  • Using にかけて without a range. 三日間みっかかんにかけて is wrong. にかけて needs two points (AからBにかけて) or a period name like 年末ねんまつにかけて.
  • Using にわたって for a rough range. 夜よるから朝あさにわたって is odd. Rough start and end points want にかけて.
  • Confusing にかけては with にかけて. Adding は turns "from A to B" into "when it comes to." They are separate grammar points.
  • Using にわたって in casual chat. It sounds like a news reader. Say ずっと.

Practice

Answers are hidden — try your own sentence first, then open. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: the same meeting, one stressing length and one giving a range.

1. "The meeting was held over three whole days." (formal)

Show answer

会議かいぎは三日間みっかかんにわたって行おこなわれた。 — you are stressing the length, so にわたって.

2. "The meeting was held from Monday to Wednesday." (formal)

Show answer

会議かいぎは月曜げつようから水曜すいようにかけて行おこなわれた。 — two points, a plain range: から〜にかけて.

3. "Rain is expected from tonight into tomorrow morning." (polite, forecast)

Show answer

今夜こんやから明日あしたの朝あさにかけて、雨あめが降ふるでしょう。 — weather ranges almost always take にかけて.

4. "After many years of research..." (formal, before a noun)

Show answer

長年ながねんにわたる研究けんきゅうの結果けっか… — before a noun, にわたって becomes にわたる.

5. "The duties are varied." (formal, a job ad)

Show answer

業務ぎょうむは多岐たきにわたります。 — 多岐たきにわたる is the set phrase for "wide-ranging."

6. "When it comes to cooking, nobody beats my sister." (casual)

Show answer

料理りょうりにかけては、姉あねに勝かてる人ひとはいない。 — にかけては means "when it comes to," not a range.

7. Fix this: 三日間みっかかんにかけて雨あめが降ふった。

Show answer

三日間みっかかんにわたって雨あめが降ふった。 — 三日間みっかかん is one span, not two points, so it needs にわたって.

8. "This town is warm all year round." (neutral)

Show answer

この町まちは一年いちねんを通とおして暖あたたかい。 — the same state all the way through: を通とおして.

9. Say "the construction went on for two years" casually, the way a friend would.

Show answer

工事こうじが二年にねんも続つづいたんだよ。 — in conversation, も続つづいた or ずっと replaces にわたって.

During a trial lesson, describe an event that lasted three days with 〜にわたって and a rough range such as 春はるから夏なつにかけて with 〜にかけて.

FAQ

Is にわたって N2 or N3? It is usually taught at the intermediate level, around N2. にかけて tends to come a little earlier. Either way, both appear constantly in news Japanese.

Can にわたって be used for places? Yes. 全国ぜんこくにわたって means "across the whole country." It works for time, places, and ranges of topics.

Is にわたり more polite than にわたって? It is more formal and written, not more polite. The exception is the fixed closing phrase 長時間ちょうじかんにわたり、ありがとうございました.

Can I use にかけて with just one point? With period names, yes: 年末ねんまつにかけて (toward the end of the year), 週末しゅうまつにかけて (into the weekend). The range is implied: from now until then.

What is the kanji for わたる? It is 渡わたる (to cross) or 亘わたる (to extend). In grammar use, it is almost always written in hiragana: にわたって.

How can I practise these? Listen to a weather forecast or read a news article for a week and count them. にかけて shows up in almost every forecast, and にわたる in most long news stories.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

〜にわたって	にわたって — over the whole span of
〜にわたる	にわたる — extending over (before a noun)
〜にわたり	にわたり — over (written form)
〜にかけて	にかけて — from around A to around B
〜にかけては	にかけては — when it comes to
〜を通して	をとおして — throughout
多岐にわたる	たきにわたる — wide-ranging
長年	ながねん — many years
工事	こうじ — construction
被害	ひがい — damage
地域	ちいき — region, area
研究	けんきゅう — research
業務	ぎょうむ — duties, work
行われる	おこなわれる — to be held
長時間	ちょうじかん — a long time
年末	ねんまつ — end of the year
全国	ぜんこく — the whole country

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. にわたって tends to come up once learners start reading news in Japanese: it is everywhere in articles, and almost nowhere in the textbooks they learned from. For the time words it sits next to, see から and まで.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

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