LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Letter in Japanese: 手紙てがみ (てがみ), 文字もじ, はがき, and 年賀状ねんがじょう

A letter you send is 手紙てがみ (てがみ) in Japanese. A letter of the alphabet or any written character is 文字もじ (もじ) or 字じ (じ). A postcard is はがき, the New Year card many people send is 年賀状ねんがじょう (ねんがじょう), and a love letter is ラブレター.

Like "story", the English word "letter" splits into two Japanese words. One is about mail and the other is about writing systems. Japan still loves paper mail for special moments, so the mail words come with some fun culture too.

How do you say "letter" in Japanese?

What does 手紙てがみ mean?

手紙てがみ (てがみ) is a letter you write and send. 手紙てがみを書かく is "to write a letter".

祖母そぼに手紙てがみを書かいた。 — I wrote a letter to my grandmother. (casual) 手紙てがみをありがとう。 — Thank you for your letter. (casual)

Be careful: in Chinese, the same characters (手て纸in simplified form) mean toilet paper, which surprises people who know both languages.

What does 文字もじ mean?

文字もじ (もじ) is a letter or character in writing: hiragana, kanji, or the alphabet. 字じ (じ) is the short form, often about handwriting.

ひらがなは四十しじゅう六ろく文字もじある。 — Hiragana has forty-six letters. (casual) 字じがきれいだね。 — Your handwriting is beautiful. (casual)

For writing in Japanese, see how to write your name in Japanese and how to type in Japanese.

What are 大文字おおもじ and 小文字こもじ?

大文字おおもじ (おおもじ) is a capital letter, and 小文字こもじ (こもじ) is a lowercase letter.

最初さいしょは大文字おおもじで書かいてください。 — Please write the first letter as a capital. (polite)

What words go with 手紙てがみ?

What is はがき?

はがき (葉書はがき) is a postcard. Japanese post offices sell blank ones with the stamp already printed.

旅行先りょこうさきからはがきを送おくった。 — I sent a postcard from my trip. (casual)

What is 年賀状ねんがじょう?

年賀状ねんがじょう (ねんがじょう) is a New Year greeting card. Many people send them so they arrive on New Year's Day, though fewer young people do it now.

今年ことしも年賀状ねんがじょうを書かかなきゃ。 — I have to write New Year cards again this year. (casual)

What are 封筒ふうとう and 切手きって?

封筒ふうとう (ふうとう) is an envelope and 切手きって (きって) is a stamp. 切手きってを貼はる means to put on a stamp.

封筒ふうとうに切手きってを貼はるのを忘わすれた。 — I forgot to put a stamp on the envelope. (casual)

Word Reading Meaning
手紙てがみ てがみ letter (mail)
文字もじ もじ letter, character
字じ じ character, handwriting
大文字おおもじ おおもじ capital letter
小文字こもじ こもじ lowercase letter
はがき はがき postcard
年賀状ねんがじょう ねんがじょう New Year card
封筒ふうとう ふうとう envelope
切手きって きって stamp

How do you start and end a Japanese letter?

Formal letters open with 拝啓はいけい (はいけい) and close with 敬具けいぐ (けいぐ), like "Dear" and "Sincerely". Casual letters skip these and just start with the person's name and さんへ, then end with your name and より.

ゆうきさんへ — To Yuuki (casual opening) ゆうきより — From Yuuki (casual closing)

What about a love letter?

ラブレター is the usual word. In anime, it is often left in a shoe locker at school, 下駄箱げたばこ (げたばこ).

下駄箱げたばこにラブレターが入はいっていた。 — There was a love letter in my shoe locker. (casual)

Why do people in Japan still send letters?

Email and messaging apps are normal for daily life, but a handwritten letter still carries weight. People use them for thank-you notes after a favor, for apologies, and for wedding and New Year greetings. Even a short はがき with a few lines of 手書てがき (てがき, handwriting) shows effort, which is why it is remembered. If you want to try, a three-line thank-you card in simple Japanese is a perfect first project.

Common mistakes

  • Using 手紙てがみ for a letter of the alphabet. Use 文字もじ.
  • Using 文字もじ for mail. Use 手紙てがみ.
  • Reading 大文字おおもじ as だいもじ. In writing, it is おおもじ.
  • Mixing up 拝啓はいけい and 敬具けいぐ. 拝啓はいけい opens, 敬具けいぐ closes.
  • Using 拝啓はいけい with friends. Casual letters just use へ and より.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. Questions 9 and 10 are a pair: the opening and the closing of a formal letter.

1. Say "I wrote a letter to my grandmother."

Show answer

祖母そぼに手紙てがみを書かいた。 — 手紙てがみ.

2. Say "Thank you for your letter."

Show answer

手紙てがみをありがとう。 — 手紙てがみ.

3. Say "Hiragana has forty-six letters."

Show answer

ひらがなは四十しじゅう六ろく文字もじある。 — 文字もじ.

4. Say "Your handwriting is beautiful."

Show answer

字じがきれいだね。 — 字じ.

5. Ask someone politely to write the first letter as a capital.

Show answer

最初さいしょは大文字おおもじで書かいてください。 — 大文字おおもじ.

6. Say "I sent a postcard from my trip."

Show answer

旅行先りょこうさきからはがきを送おくった。 — はがき.

7. Say "I forgot to put a stamp on the envelope."

Show answer

封筒ふうとうに切手きってを貼はるのを忘わすれた。 — 封筒ふうとう, 切手きって.

8. Say "There was a love letter in my shoe locker."

Show answer

下駄箱げたばこにラブレターが入はいっていた。 — ラブレター.

9. What word opens a formal letter?

Show answer

拝啓はいけい — はいけい.

10. What word closes a formal letter?

Show answer

敬具けいぐ — けいぐ. This is the pair to question 9.

FAQ

How do you say "letter" in Japanese? 手紙てがみ (てがみ) for mail, 文字もじ (もじ) for a character.

How do you say "postcard"? はがき.

What is 年賀状ねんがじょう? A New Year greeting card.

How do you say "capital letter"? 大文字おおもじ (おおもじ).

How do you end a casual letter? Your name plus より.

How do you say "stamp"? 切手きって (きって).

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

手紙	てがみ — letter (mail)
文字	もじ — letter, character
字	じ — handwriting, character
大文字	おおもじ — capital letter
小文字	こもじ — lowercase letter
はがき	はがき — postcard
年賀状	ねんがじょう — New Year card
封筒	ふうとう — envelope
切手	きって — stamp
拝啓	はいけい — Dear (formal opening)
敬具	けいぐ — Sincerely (formal closing)
下駄箱	げたばこ — shoe locker

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 手紙てがみ and 文字もじ are the classic pair learners mix up, and a short はがき in Japanese is one of the nicest ways to put your study to real use. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference dictionaries.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5 · Read something at this level: JLPT N5 stories with audio

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