LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Grammar, one piece at a time · Sep 14, 2026

かもしれない: "maybe," and the だ you have to delete

かもしれない means "might" or "maybe," and it attaches to the plain form of anything — except that nouns and な-adjectives lose their だ on the way in. 学生がくせいかもしれない, 便利べんりかもしれない, never 学生がくせいだかもしれない.

That one deletion is the whole grammatical difficulty. The rest of the work is knowing where かもしれない sits against でしょう, はず and にちがいない — and knowing that Japanese speakers use it far more often than English speakers say "maybe," because it is also a politeness tool.

The basics

What attaches to it

Word type Form Example
Verb plain form るかもしれない / たかもしれない
い-adjective plain form たかいかもしれない
な-adjective drop だ 便利べんりかもしれない
Noun drop だ 学生がくせいかもしれない

明日あしたあめるかもしれません。 — It might rain tomorrow. (polite) かれはもうかえったかもしれません。 — He might have already gone home. (polite — past inside, present outside)

Notice the tense: the past lives on the verb inside, not on かもしれない. かえったかもしれません is "might have gone"; かえるかもしれませんでした is not a sentence you need.

The だ deletion

This is where the errors happen, because だ is the plain form of です and learners have just finished being told to use the plain form.

  • 学生がくせいかもしれない → wrong
  • 学生がくせいかもしれない → right
  • 便利べんりかもしれない → wrong
  • 便利べんりかもしれない → right

The rule is easy to remember if you think of かもしれない as replacing だ rather than following it. Both are sentence-enders; only one can be there.

Politeness and contraction

Register Form
Polite かもしれません
Plain かもしれない
Casual かも

けないかも。 — I might not be able to make it. (very casual — かも on its own is extremely common)

かも by itself is one of the most-used words in casual Japanese. You will hear it as a complete reply: そうかも ("maybe so"), 無理むりかも ("might not work out").

Beyond the basics

Where it sits on the certainty scale

Form Confidence What it rests on
〜かもしれない 30–50% Bare possibility
〜でしょう 60–80% General likelihood
〜はずだ High Specific evidence
〜にちがいない Very high Conviction

かれはもうっているはずです。 — He should already know. (polite — I have grounds)

The important contrast is with はず: はず needs a reason, かもしれない needs nothing. If someone asks why you think so and you have no answer, かもしれない was the right word.

It is a politeness tool, not just a probability

This is the part textbooks miss. Japanese speakers attach かもしれない to statements they are actually confident about, to avoid sounding assertive:

それはすこちがうかもしれません。 — That might be slightly different. (polite — a soft way to say "that's wrong") 言い過いいすぎかもしれませんが… — I may be overstating this, but… (polite — a hedge before a strong opinion)

Used this way, かもしれない is closer to English "I could be wrong, but" than to "maybe." Reading it as pure probability will make Japanese colleagues sound much less certain than they are.

かもしれない vs かな

Both express uncertainty, but they point in different directions. かもしれない states a possibility to the listener; かな asks the question of yourself.

あめるかな。 — I wonder if it'll rain. (casual — thinking aloud)

かな is also used as a soft request when directed at someone: 手伝てつだってくれるかな ("could you maybe help?"). かもしれない never does that job.

The negative and the double negative

ないかもしれません。 — He might not come. (polite — negate the verb inside)

There is no natural way to negate かもしれない itself — かもしれなくない is not a thing. Put the negative on the inner verb.

〜かもしれないけど

Pairing it with けど is the standard way to concede a point before disagreeing:

たかいかもしれないけど、いいものですよ。 — It might be expensive, but it's a good one. (casual-polite mix — concede, then push back)

This shape appears constantly in discussion, because Japanese conversation prefers acknowledging the other side before stating your own view.

Where you'll hear it in anime

かも at the end of a line is the sound of a character not committing. It carries hesitation, flirtation, or dread depending on delivery — きかも ("I might like you") does a lot of work in exactly three syllables, precisely because it stops short of a statement.

Common mistakes

  • Leaving だ in. 学生がくせいだかもしれない, しずかだかもしれない — both wrong. Delete the だ.
  • Putting the tense on the outside. かえるかもしれませんでした is unnatural. Say かえったかもしれません.
  • Using かもしれない when you have evidence. If you have a reason, はず is more informative and sounds more competent.
  • Reading every かもしれない as genuine doubt. Often it is a hedge on something the speaker is fairly sure of.
  • Trying to negate かもしれない itself. Negate the verb inside instead.

Practice

Answers are hidden — build yours first, then open. Questions 5 and 6 are a pair: same situation, and the evidence decides the word.

1. Say "it might rain tomorrow," politely.

Show answer

明日あしたあめるかもしれません — plain form of the verb, then かもしれません.

2. Something is wrong here: かれ学生がくせいだかもしれません。

Show answer

学生がくせいかもしれません — nouns drop だ. かもしれない replaces it rather than following it.

3. Something is wrong here: このみせ便利べんりだかもしれない。

Show answer

便利べんりかもしれない — な-adjectives drop だ for the same reason as nouns.

4. Say "he might have already gone home."

Show answer

かれはもうかえったかもしれません — the past goes on the inner verb, not on かもしれない.

5. You have no reason at all, just a feeling he knows. Say it.

Show answer

かれはもうっているかもしれません — かもしれない needs no grounds, which is exactly when to use it.

6. You know he was told this morning. Say he probably knows.

Show answer

かれはもうっているはずです — with evidence, はず is more informative. This is the pair to question 5.

7. Soften a disagreement: you think the other person is wrong.

Show answer

それはすこちがうかもしれません — here かもしれない is politeness, not doubt. It means "I could be wrong, but."

8. Say "I might not make it," very casually.

Show answer

けないかも — negate the inner verb, then shorten to かも. There is no way to negate かもしれない itself.

9. What is the difference between あめるかもしれない and あめるかな?

Show answer

Telling the listener vs asking yourself — かもしれない states a possibility outward; かな is thinking aloud.

10. Concede that something is expensive, then defend it.

Show answer

たかいかもしれないけど、いいものですよ — かもしれないけど is the standard shape for acknowledging the other side before pushing back.

FAQ

Is かもしれない one word? Historically it is か + も + れない ("cannot even be known"), but treat it as one unit. It is written in kana.

Can I use かもしれない about myself? Yes, and often: 風邪かぜかもしれません ("I might have a cold"). It works fine for your own state.

What about かもしれなかった? It exists — んでいたかもしれなかった — but it is rare and heavy. Usually the inner verb carries the past instead.

Is かも rude? Not rude, but casual. In a work email write かもしれません.

How is it different from ようだ? ようだ reports an impression from evidence you have observed. かもしれない claims nothing has been observed at all.

Can it follow another sentence-ender? Not だ or です, but it can follow んだ in casual speech: そうなんかも. This is colloquial and best left to recognition.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

明日	あした — tomorrow
雨	あめ — rain
降る	ふる — to fall (rain)
帰る	かえる — to go home
学生	がくせい — student
便利	べんり — convenient
静か	しずか — quiet
店	みせ — shop
知る	しる — to know
違う	ちがう — to be different, to be wrong
少し	すこし — a little
高い	たかい — expensive
無理	むり — impossible, too much
手伝う	てつだう — to help
風邪	かぜ — a cold
好き	すき — to like

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. The だ deletion takes one correction to fix. The harder lesson is that Japanese speakers say かもしれません when they are actually quite sure — and hearing that as real doubt will mislead you in every meeting you sit in.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4

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