LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Talking to real people · Sep 17, 2026

Japanese transportation vocabulary: the words, and the particle that surprises everyone

電車でんしゃ, バス, 自転車じてんしゃ and the rest take about ten minutes to learn. The part that takes longer is that you board *into* a train with に (電車でんしゃる) and get off *from* it with を (電車でんしゃりる) — and to say how you travel, you need a third particle entirely: 電車でんしゃきます.

Transportation is the single most useful vocabulary set for a first trip to Japan, because it is the one topic where you cannot point at what you want. You need the words, and you need three particles that do not line up with English at all.

The basics

The vehicles themselves

Most of these are plain nouns with no surprises. A few are wasei-eigo — English words that have taken on their own Japanese shape.

Japanese Reading English
電車でんしゃ でんしゃ train (commuter/electric)
新幹線しんかんせん しんかんせん bullet train
地下鉄ちかてつ ちかてつ subway
バス ばす bus
タクシー たくしー taxi
くるま くるま car
自転車じてんしゃ じてんしゃ bicycle
飛行機ひこうき ひこうき airplane
ふね ふね ship, boat
徒歩とほ とほ on foot

汽車きしゃ (きしゃ) means a steam train and shows up in older songs and anime; nobody uses it for a modern commuter line. If you say 汽車きしゃ at a station in Tokyo you will be understood, but you will sound like a character in a period drama.

る takes に, not を

This is the particle that catches almost every learner, because in English you "get on" a train, which feels like the train is the thing you act on.

電車でんしゃります。 — I get on the train. (polite, neutral) バスにって、えきまできました。 — I took the bus and went as far as the station. (polite, past)

The logic: る describes arriving into a position, so Japanese marks the destination of that arrival with に — the same に that marks where you go. Think of it as "board into," not "ride."

りる takes を

And then the opposite verb flips the particle.

つぎえきります。 — I'm getting off at the next station. (polite, announcing your stop) バスをりるとき、ボタンをします。 — When you get off the bus, you press the button. (polite, explaining a system)

を here marks the place you are leaving through — the same を in いえる ("leave the house") and 大学だいがく卒業そつぎょうする ("graduate from university"). It is not the object-marking を you learned first; it is the departure を.

Notice both particles in that second example: りる takes を for the vehicle, but the station where you get off takes で, because で marks the location of the action. つぎえきバスります is the fully-specified version.

Beyond the basics

で marks how you travel

To say the means of transport, use で on the vehicle and a motion verb.

電車でんしゃきます。 — I'll go by train. (polite, stating your method) あるいてきます。 — I'll walk there. (polite — note that 徒歩とほで is the written form; in speech people say あるいて)

So the same noun takes different particles depending on what you are saying about it:

  • 電車でんしゃ — get on the train (the act of boarding)
  • 電車でんしゃりる — get off the train (the act of leaving)
  • 電車でんしゃ — go by train (the method)

This is the で vs に distinction in its most practical form. If you want one sentence to carry with you, make it 電車でんしゃきます — it covers most of what a traveller needs.

乗り換のりかえる: the word that saves your trip

Transferring between lines is the single hardest part of Japanese train travel, and it has its own verb.

新宿しんじゅく乗り換のりかえます。 — I transfer at Shinjuku. (polite — で for the place of the action) どこで乗り換のりかえればいいですか。 — Where should I transfer? (polite, asking for help)

That second sentence is worth memorizing whole. It is the most useful question in a Japanese station, and staff hear it constantly, so it will not confuse anyone.

The station vocabulary that actually appears on signs

Japanese Reading English
えき えき station
改札かいさつ かいさつ ticket gate
切符きっぷ きっぷ ticket
片道かたみち かたみち one-way
往復おうふく おうふく round trip
ホーム ほーむ platform
〜ゆき bound for ~
各駅停車かくえきていしゃ かくえきていしゃ local (stops at every station)
急行きゅうこう きゅうこう express
特急とっきゅう とっきゅう limited express
のぼ のぼり inbound (toward Tokyo)
くだ くだり outbound
終電しゅうでん しゅうでん last train

き is read ゆき, not いき, when it is a destination label: 東京行とうきょうゆきき is とうきょうゆき. This is one of those readings that trips people who know the verb く perfectly well.

終電しゅうでん is a cultural word, not just a schedule

終電しゅうでん ("last train") carries social weight that the English does not. 終電しゅうでんかえる is a normal sentence about an evening ending, and 終電しゅうでんのがす ("miss the last train") is the setup for an entire genre of anime and drama scenes — because missing it in Tokyo genuinely means a taxi you cannot afford or a night in a manga café.

終電しゅうでん何時なんじですか。 — What time is the last train? (polite, and a very normal thing to ask at 11pm)

Counters for vehicles

Vehicles take 〜だい (だい), the counter for machines. Trains as units of service take 〜ほん (ほん), the same counter as long thin things, because a train line is conceived as a line.

  • くるま二台にだい — two cars
  • 電車でんしゃ三本さんぼん — three trains (three services, e.g. three departures)

If you have not worked through Japanese counters yet, だい is one of the six worth learning early — it covers cars, bicycles, computers and appliances.

Common mistakes

  • Saying 電車でんしゃる. The verb る takes に. This is the error I correct most in this topic, and it survives well past N5 because English pushes hard in the wrong direction.
  • Saying 電車でんしゃりる. The opposite error. りる takes を.
  • Using に for the means of travel. 電車でんしゃきます is not "I go by train" — it is closer to "I go to the train." The means is で.
  • Reading 〜き as 〜いき. On a destination sign it is ゆき. 東京行とうきょうゆきき = とうきょうゆき.
  • Assuming 汽車きしゃ means "train." It means a steam train. Use 電車でんしゃ.
  • Using 徒歩とほ in conversation. It is correct but written-register; say あるいて.

The three particles, side by side

What you want to say Particle Example
Get on / board 電車でんしゃります
Get off / leave 電車でんしゃります
By means of 電車でんしゃきます
Where the action happens つぎえきります
Where you're going まで / に 東京とうきょうまできます

Practice

Questions 1 and 2 are the pair that matters — same noun, opposite particles.

1. Say "I get on the train," politely.

Show answer

電車でんしゃります。る takes に, because Japanese treats boarding as arriving into a position.

2. Say "I get off the train," politely.

Show answer

電車でんしゃります。りる takes を — the departure を, the same one in いえる.

3. Say "I'll go by train."

Show answer

電車でんしゃきます。 — で marks the means. Not に, which would point at the train as a destination.

4. Say "I'm getting off at the next station."

Show answer

つぎえきります。 — で for the place where the action happens. Add を電車でんしゃ if you need to name the vehicle: つぎえき電車でんしゃります.

5. Ask politely where you should transfer.

Show answer

どこで乗り換のりかえればいいですか。 — Worth memorizing whole. で marks the place of transferring.

6. Ask what time the last train is.

Show answer

終電しゅうでん何時なんじですか。終電しゅうでん is the last train. The は is commonly dropped in speech, leaving a short pause.

7. Say "I took the bus and went as far as the station."

Show answer

バスにって、えきまできました。 — に with る, まで for "as far as."

8. Say "I'll walk there" — casually natural, not written-style.

Show answer

あるいてきます。徒歩とほきます is correct but belongs on a printed map, not in speech.

9. Fix this sentence: 電車でんしゃります。

Show answer

電車でんしゃります。 — The most common error in this topic. る never takes を.

10. How do you read the sign 東京行とうきょうゆきき?

Show answer

とうきょうゆき — On a destination label, き is read ゆき, not いき.

FAQ

Why does る take に when English says "get on"? Because Japanese frames boarding as ending up inside something, and に is the particle for where you end up. The same に appears in 椅子いすすわる ("sit on a chair") and いえる ("enter a house") — all arrivals, all に.

Can I say 電車でんしゃってきます instead of 電車でんしゃきます? Yes, and it is perfectly natural. It is slightly longer and emphasizes the act of boarding; 電車でんしゃきます just states the method. Both are common.

What is the difference between 切符きっぷ and 乗車券じょうしゃけん? 切符きっぷ is the everyday word for a ticket. 乗車券じょうしゃけん is the formal term printed on the ticket itself and used for long-distance travel, where it may be paired with a separate 特急券とっきゅうけん for the express fee.

Is 地下鉄ちかてつ different from 電車でんしゃ? 地下鉄ちかてつ specifically means subway. 電車でんしゃ is the general word and covers subway lines too in casual speech — if you say 電車でんしゃきます and take the Metro, nobody will correct you.

What does 各駅停車かくえきていしゃ mean on a platform sign? It means the train stops at every station — the slowest service. 急行きゅうこう skips some, 特急とっきゅう skips more and often costs extra. Getting on a 特急とっきゅう when you wanted 各駅停車かくえきていしゃ is how you end up three towns past your stop.

How do I ask which platform? 何番線なんばんせんですか ("which track number?"). せん (せん) means line or track, and platforms are numbered, so this is the question that gets you a number you can act on.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

電車	でんしゃ — train
新幹線	しんかんせん — bullet train
地下鉄	ちかてつ — subway
自転車	じてんしゃ — bicycle
飛行機	ひこうき — airplane
船	ふね — ship, boat
乗る	のる — to get on, to board
降りる	おりる — to get off
乗り換える	のりかえる — to transfer, to change trains
駅	えき — station
改札	かいさつ — ticket gate
切符	きっぷ — ticket
片道	かたみち — one-way
往復	おうふく — round trip
各駅停車	かくえきていしゃ — local train
急行	きゅうこう — express
特急	とっきゅう — limited express
終電	しゅうでん — last train
徒歩	とほ — on foot
歩く	あるく — to walk

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 電車でんしゃる is the error I hear most in this topic, and it usually appears the first time a student is excited enough to talk fast — which is exactly the moment the English word order takes over.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

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