LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Talking to real people · Sep 15, 2026

How to say thank you in Japanese: ありがとう, ございます, and the past tense that changes the meaning

ありがとうございます is the safe default. The detail most learners miss is the past tense: ありがとうございました closes a completed thing — the end of a meal, a lesson, a stay — while ありがとうございます thanks someone for something happening now or continuing.

Japanese gratitude also spreads across more phrases than English does, and several of them do not contain the word "thanks" at all: すみません, たすかりました, おかげさまで and ごちそうさま are all thank-yous doing specific jobs.

The basics

The ladder

Phrase Reading Use it for
ありがとう ありがとう Friends, family. Casual.
ありがとうございます ありがとうございます The everyday polite default.
ありがとうございました ありがとうございました Something now finished.
どうもありがとうございます Warmer, more emphatic.
どうも どうも Very casual, almost a nod in word form.
感謝かんしゃしています かんしゃしています Formal, written, weighty.

ありがとうございます。 — Thank you. (polite; the answer to almost every situation) ありがとう。 — Thanks. (casual, friends) 本日ほんじつはありがとうございました。 — Thank you for today. (polite; said at the end of a lesson, meeting or event)

Why does the past tense matter?

Because Japanese marks whether the thing you are thanking for is over. ございました closes it; ございます keeps it open.

ありがとうございます。 — Thank you. (as someone hands you something — the moment is happening) ありがとうございました。 — Thank you. (as you leave the shop — the transaction is complete)

Both are correct and both are polite. Using ございます at the end of a finished event is not wrong so much as slightly unfinished-sounding; using ございました for something ongoing sounds like you are ending it.

Shop staff will say ありがとうございました as you leave. That is the pattern in its purest form.

どうも on its own

どうも is a strange, useful word: it can mean "thanks", "hello", "sorry" and "somehow" depending on where it lands. On its own, with a nod, it is a light thank-you between people who know each other, or from someone slightly senior.

どうも。 — Thanks. (very casual; a nod in word form)

As a learner, recognise it and prefer ありがとうございます. どうも from a visitor to a shop assistant can read as a bit brusque, whereas ありがとうございます is never wrong.

Beyond the basics

The thank-yous that do not say "thank you"

すみません — acknowledges the trouble someone went to. When a stranger picks up something you dropped, this is the most natural response, often more so than ありがとうございます. The full explanation is in how to apologise, because in Japanese the two are the same gesture pointed in different directions.

たすかりました (たすかりました) — "you saved me". The thank-you for practical help, and the one learners most under-use.

たすかりました、ありがとうございます。 — That really helped, thank you. (polite; after someone solves a problem for you)

おかげさまで — "thanks to you" / "thanks to everyone". Used when reporting that something went well, even when the listener did nothing in particular. It is closer to a courteous frame than a literal attribution.

おかげさまで、無事ぶじわりました。 — Thanks to you, it finished without trouble. (polite)

ごちそうさまでした — closes a meal, and thanks whoever provided it. Say it to the person who cooked, the person who paid, and the restaurant staff on the way out.

世話せわになりました — "thank you for looking after me". Said when leaving a job, a school, a host family, or ending a working relationship. お世話せわになっております is its present-tense business-email form, used constantly as an opening line.

What do you reply?

どういたしまして is real, and far less common than textbooks suggest. It can sound slightly formal or even distancing between friends. The everyday replies:

いえいえ。 — Not at all. (polite, warm, usually with a small hand wave) とんでもないです。 — Not at all / you're too kind. (polite, modest) こちらこそ。 — Thank you / likewise. (polite; returns the thanks)

こちらこそ is the most useful of the three. If someone thanks you and you also have something to thank them for — which is most of the time — it does the whole job in four syllables.

Business email

Two set phrases carry an enormous amount of Japanese business correspondence:

いつもお世話せわになっております。 — Thank you for your continued support. (formal; the standard email opening) 確認かくにんいただき、ありがとうございます。 — Thank you for checking. (formal; 〜いただき + ありがとうございます is the standard thank-you-for-doing structure)

〜ていただき、ありがとうございます is the pattern worth memorising: attach it to any verb to thank someone for having done something. It uses the humble いただく from service keigo.

How much is too much?

Japanese repeats thanks more than English does — at the moment, again at the end, and often again the next time you meet. Saying ありがとうございます a second time when you next see the person ("先日せんじつはありがとうございました") is normal and noticed favourably.

The one place to hold back is with very close friends, where full ありがとうございます every time can build distance rather than warmth. There, ありがとう or サンキュー is the register.

Common mistakes

  • Always using ありがとうございます, never ありがとうございました. The past tense is what closes a meal, a lesson or a visit.
  • Using ありがとうございました for something still in progress. It sounds like you are ending it.
  • Reaching for どういたしまして by default. いえいえ and こちらこそ are far more common.
  • Skipping すみません as a thank-you. In many situations it is the more natural response.
  • Forgetting ごちそうさま. Leaving a meal without it is one of the most visible omissions there is.
  • Using どうも alone with service staff. Not rude exactly, but casual in a direction learners rarely intend.

Practice

Say each answer out loud first. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: the same shop, two moments.

1. A clerk hands you your change. What do you say?

Show answer

ありがとうございます — the moment is happening, so the present form.

2. You are walking out of that shop. What do they say to you?

Show answer

ありがとうございました — the transaction is complete, so the past form closes it.

3. Someone fixed a problem for you at work. What do you say?

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たすかりました、ありがとうございますたすかる ("to be saved") is the thank-you for practical help.

4. You have finished a meal someone cooked. What do you say?

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ごちそうさまでした — closes the meal and thanks whoever provided it.

5. Someone thanks you, and you also have something to thank them for. What do you say?

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こちらこそ — "no, thank *you*". Four syllables, does the whole job.

6. What does おかげさまで mean?

Show answer

"Thanks to you" — used when reporting that something went well, even if the listener did nothing specific. A courteous frame, not a literal attribution.

7. You are leaving a job. What do you say to your colleagues?

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世話せわになりました — "thank you for taking care of me". The phrase for ending a relationship or a stay.

8. Open a business email in Japanese.

Show answer

いつもお世話せわになっております。 — the standard opening line, used in an enormous share of Japanese business email.

9. Thank someone for having checked something, formally.

Show answer

確認かくにんいただき、ありがとうございます — 〜ていただき + ありがとうございます attaches to any verb.

10. A stranger picks up something you dropped. What is the most natural response?

Show answer

すみません (or すみません、ありがとうございます) — acknowledging the trouble they went to is often more natural than thanks alone.

FAQ

Is ありがとう rude to a stranger? Not rude, but casual. It is friends-and-family register. ありがとうございます is the version for anyone you do not know well, and it is never wrong.

What is the difference between どうも and どうもありがとうございます? どうも alone is a light, very casual thanks. Attached to ありがとうございます it becomes an intensifier, making the full phrase warmer.

Do people really say ごちそうさま every time? Yes, at home and in restaurants. It is said to the cook, to whoever paid, and often to staff on the way out. It is as automatic as いただきます at the start.

Why do Japanese emails all start the same way? Because いつもお世話せわになっております is a formal frame rather than a message — the equivalent of "Dear ..." in English. Its absence is more noticeable than its repetition.

How do I thank someone for something they did a while ago? 先日せんじつはありがとうございました ("thank you for the other day"). Bringing it up again at the next meeting is normal and appreciated.

Is サンキュー acceptable? Among friends, yes — it is common casual Japanese, written サンキュー. It does not belong anywhere polite.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

ありがとう	ありがとう — thanks (casual)
ございます	ございます — polite auxiliary (formal です/あります)
どうも	どうも — thanks; hello; somehow
感謝	かんしゃ — gratitude
助かる	たすかる — to be saved, helped
おかげさまで	おかげさまで — thanks to you
お世話	おせわ — care, assistance
ごちそうさま	ごちそうさま — thanks for the meal
いただく	いただく — to receive (humble)
こちらこそ	こちらこそ — likewise, thank *you*
とんでもない	とんでもない — not at all
確認	かくにん — confirmation, checking
本日	ほんじつ — today (formal)
先日	せんじつ — the other day
無事に	ぶじに — safely, without trouble
終わる	おわる — to end, finish
渡す	わたす — to hand over
返事	へんじ — reply

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. The past-tense thank-you is one of those details nobody teaches and everybody notices — a student who says ありがとうございました at the end of a lesson sounds a level above one who does not.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5

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