LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N3Talking to real people · Sep 15, 2026

でございます: the です you hear in every Japanese shop, and what it is doing

でございます is です with the politeness turned up: a humble copula used by staff toward customers. You will hear it constantly in shops, hotels and announcements, and you will almost never need to say it — but not recognising it makes service Japanese sound like a different language.

This is the register that trips up learners who are otherwise comfortable. The vocabulary is ordinary, the grammar is ordinary, and yet an announcement on a department-store floor can be completely unparseable, because every common verb has been swapped for a formal twin.

The basics

What is でございます?

It is the humble (謙譲語けんじょうご) form of です. It says the same thing — "X is Y" — while lowering the speaker relative to the listener.

こちらが新商品しんしょうひんでございます。 — This is the new product. (shop staff to a customer) 担当たんとうわたしでございます。 — I am the person in charge. (formal, humbling yourself)

Because it lowers the speaker, it is used about yourself, your company, and your products — not about the customer. That distinction is the whole trick, and it is the same logic that governs keigo generally.

What about ございます on its own?

ございます is the formal equivalent of あります ("there is / we have"). It is the single most useful one to recognise, because it is how a shop tells you whether they have something.

手洗てあらいは二階にかいにございます。 — The restrooms are on the second floor. (formal, staff to customer) 申し訳もうしわけございません、只今ただいま品切しなぎれでございます。 — I'm very sorry, it's currently out of stock. (formal apology + humble copula)

So: ございます replaces あります, でございます replaces です. They look almost identical and do different jobs.

And いらっしゃいます?

いらっしゃいます is the respectful (尊敬語そんけいご) counterpart — it replaces います, きます and ます when the subject is the other person.

Plain Humble (about yourself) Respectful (about them)
です でございます でいらっしゃいます
あります ございます
います おります いらっしゃいます
く / まいります いらっしゃいます
する いたします なさいます
もうします おっしゃいます
拝見はいけんします らんになります

山田やまださまでいらっしゃいますか。 — Are you Mr./Ms. Yamada? (respectful — the customer is the subject) 山田やまだでございます。 — This is Yamada speaking. (humble — you are the subject)

Those two sentences are the clearest illustration of the whole system: same name, same copula family, opposite direction.

Beyond the basics

Why do shop announcements sound impossible?

Because they stack three things at once: humble verbs, respectful verbs, and long noun phrases. Unpicking one is enough to follow most of them.

本日ほんじつはご来店らいてんいただき、まことにありがとうございます。 — Thank you very much for visiting our store today. (store announcement; ご来店らいてんいただき = humbly receiving your visit)

Once ございます, いただく, おります and もうします are automatic, announcements stop being a wall and become slow, predictable sentences. There are perhaps fifteen verbs in heavy rotation.

What is コンビニ敬語けいご — and is 〜になります wrong?

コンビニ敬語けいご ("convenience store keigo") is a set of over-polite constructions that spread through part-time service work, and it is genuinely controversial among Japanese speakers:

  • コーヒーになります — "it becomes coffee". なる means "become", so strictly this describes a transformation that is not happening. The correct form is コーヒーでございます.
  • えんからおあずかりします — "I'll receive from ¥1,000". The から is doing nothing.
  • よろしかったでしょうか — past tense for a present question. Widely used, widely criticised.
  • お names on your own side — お弁当べんとう said by staff about the shop's own product mixes up the direction of politeness.

You will hear all four every day. Recognise them, and for your own speech use the plain versions — they are correct and nobody objects to them.

こちらがコーヒーでございます。 — Here is your coffee. (the version nobody argues about)

Do I ever need to say でございます myself?

Rarely, and that is fine. Learners spend far more time as the customer than as the staff, and customers are not expected to use humble forms toward shop workers. The two places it does come up:

  1. On the phone, identifying yourself or your company — 〜でございます is standard, and it is the formal end of the same ladder your self-introduction sits on.
  2. In a customer-facing job, where you will be trained in the exact phrases anyway.

For everything else, ordinary です・ます is correct and complete. The most common learner error here is not being too casual; it is over-reaching for keigo and producing a sentence that puts the respectful verb on the wrong person.

The one rule that prevents most keigo errors

Humble forms go on your side; respectful forms go on their side. If you can say who the subject of the verb is, you can pick correctly:

明日あしたまいります。 — I'll come tomorrow. (humble — you are moving) 明日あした、いらっしゃいますか。 — Will you be coming tomorrow? (respectful — they are moving)

Use a humble form about the customer and you have accidentally lowered them. That is the error that actually registers as wrong, far more than using plain です in a formal moment.

Common mistakes

  • Using でございます about the customer. 山田やまださまでございますか lowers the person you are trying to honour. Use でいらっしゃいますか.
  • Confusing ございます with でございます. The first replaces あります, the second replaces です.
  • Saying 〜になります for "here is your ~". Copy the correct でございます instead, even though you will hear the other version constantly.
  • Using keigo with friends. It is not extra-polite there, it is distancing — it reads as sarcasm or as putting up a wall.
  • Thinking いらっしゃいませ needs a reply. It is a greeting broadcast at everyone entering; a nod is plenty, and most customers say nothing at all.
  • Assuming humble means self-deprecating. 謙譲語けんじょうご is structural, not emotional. もうします is not modest about your name, it just points the politeness in the right direction.

Practice

Say each answer out loud first. Questions 4 and 5 are a pair: the same name, two directions of politeness.

1. What does でございます replace?

Show answer

です — it is the humble copula, used about yourself, your company and your products.

2. What does ございます replace?

Show answer

あります — "there is / we have". お手洗てあらいは二階にかいにございます.

3. Translate: 申し訳もうしわけございません、只今ただいま品切しなぎれでございます。

Show answer

I'm very sorry, it's currently out of stock申し訳もうしわけございません is the formal apology; 品切しなぎれ is "sold out".

4. A receptionist asks if you are Yamada. Which form?

Show answer

山田やまださまでいらっしゃいますか — the customer is the subject, so the respectful form is correct.

5. You answer the phone and give your own name. Which form?

Show answer

山田やまだでございます — you are the subject, so the humble form is correct. Note also that さま disappears from your own name.

6. Fix this coffee-shop line: コーヒーになります。

Show answer

コーヒーでございます — なる means "become", and nothing is becoming coffee. This is the most famous piece of コンビニ敬語けいご.

7. Which verb replaces く and る when talking about yourself?

Show answer

まいります明日あしたまいります. For the other person, both become いらっしゃいます.

8. What is wrong with 部長ぶちょう拝見はいけんなさいましたか?

Show answer

拝見はいけん is humble, so it cannot describe your boss — use ごらんになりましたか. Mixing a humble verb with a respectful ending is the classic keigo error.

9. Do you need to reply to いらっしゃいませ?

Show answer

No — it is a broadcast greeting to anyone entering. A nod is more than enough; most people say nothing.

10. A customer asks if you sell something. Rewrite ありますよ politely for a shop.

Show answer

ございます — or はい、こちらにございます. Same information, service register.

FAQ

Is でございます old-fashioned? No — it is alive and everywhere in service and business Japanese. It only sounds odd in casual conversation, where it would be comically formal.

Do I need keigo to travel in Japan? To produce, no. Polite です・ます is completely sufficient as a customer. To understand, yes — the staff talking to you are using it, so recognition is the skill that matters.

Why does 〜になります bother people so much? Because it is grammatically empty: なる means "become", and the coffee is not becoming anything. Whether that matters is a live argument in Japan; it has also been in constant use for decades.

What is the difference between 謙譲語けんじょうご and 丁寧語ていねいご? 丁寧語ていねいご (です・ます) raises the tone of the whole sentence. 謙譲語けんじょうご lowers you specifically, which raises the listener by contrast. Most service Japanese uses both simultaneously.

Is よろしかったでしょうか wrong? Prescriptively it is criticised as the wrong tense for a present question. In practice you will hear it many times a day. Recognise it; say よろしいでしょうか yourself.

How many keigo verbs do I actually need? About fifteen pairs cover the overwhelming majority of what you will hear: ございます, いらっしゃいます, おります, まいります, もうします, いたします, なさいます, 拝見はいけんします, ごらんになります, いただきます, くださいます, ぞんじております, おにかかります, うかがいます, おっしゃいます.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

ございます	ございます — there is (formal あります)
でございます	でございます — is (humble です)
いらっしゃいます	いらっしゃいます — to be / go / come (respectful)
おります	おります — to be (humble)
参ります	まいります — to go, to come (humble)
申します	もうします — to say, to be called (humble)
いたします	いたします — to do (humble)
なさいます	なさいます — to do (respectful)
拝見	はいけん — to look at (humble)
品切れ	しなぎれ — sold out
担当	たんとう — person in charge
来店	らいてん — visiting a store
新商品	しんしょうひん — new product
只今	ただいま — right now (formal)
本日	ほんじつ — today (formal)
手洗い	てあらい — restroom
二階	にかい — second floor
様	さま — honorific for customers

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. Service keigo is the point where students who can hold a conversation suddenly cannot follow a train announcement — and the fix is always recognition practice, never more grammar.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N3

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