LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Talking to real people · Sep 15, 2026

How to say hello in Japanese: こんにちは is not the default you think it is

こんにちは is real, but it is a daytime greeting for people you are not close to — which means it is not what colleagues say to each other, not what you say to family, and not what you say at 8am. Japanese picks a greeting by time of day and relationship, and several of the most-used ones have no English equivalent at all.

The greeting set is small and fixed. Learning it properly is unusually high-value, because greetings are the one part of the language you will use every single day, and getting them right makes you sound situated rather than translated.

The basics

The three time-of-day greetings

Greeting Reading When
おはようございます おはようございます Morning, until roughly 10–11am
こんにちは こんにちは Daytime
こんばんは こんばんは Evening

おはようございます。 — Good morning. (polite; the workplace default, whatever the hour) おはよう。 — Morning. (casual, friends and family)

おはようございます has a quirk worth knowing: in many workplaces — broadcasting, restaurants, entertainment — it is said at the start of your shift regardless of the actual time, because it means "you have arrived", not "it is morning".

Why don't colleagues say こんにちは to each other?

Because こんにちは carries a small distance. It is the greeting for someone outside your immediate circle: a neighbour, a shop you are entering, someone you are meeting for the first time that day in a non-work setting.

Inside a workplace or a group, the greeting is つかさまです — which has no English equivalent at all.

つかさまです。(acknowledges shared effort; the all-purpose workplace greeting) つかさまでした。(the same, at the end — said when leaving or when something finishes)

It works as "hello", "goodbye", "thanks", and "good work" depending on where it lands. In a Japanese office you will hear it dozens of times a day. Saying こんにちは instead marks you as an outsider more clearly than any grammar mistake.

The home set

Greetings at a door are fixed pairs, and both halves are expected:

いってきます。 — I'm off. (said by the person leaving) いってらっしゃい。 — See you, come back safely. (said by the person staying) ただいま。 — I'm home. (said on returning) おかえりなさい。 — Welcome back. (said by whoever is there)

These are used at home, and also in offices when someone leaves for and returns from an errand. They are not optional politeness — leaving one out is noticeable in the way an unanswered "good morning" would be.

Beyond the basics

What about もしもし?

Phone only. もしもし is how you answer or open a phone call, and using it face to face is a joke rather than a greeting.

In a business call, you do not use it at all — you give your company and name instead, which is where the service keigo forms come in.

いらっしゃいませ — the one you never answer

Shop staff will call いらっしゃいませ ("welcome") at everyone entering. It is broadcast, not directed, and it expects no reply. A small nod is more than enough, and most Japanese customers say nothing at all.

Answering it with こんにちは is a small, very common learner tell. It is harmless — but the silence is correct.

Greetings with no English equivalent

Three of the most-used greetings do not translate, and that is exactly why they are worth learning as whole units rather than as vocabulary:

  • つかさまです — acknowledges that the other person has been working.
  • よろしくおねがいします — "please treat me well", used when starting anything together. Covered in self-introductions.
  • 世話せわになっております — "thank you for your continued support", the standard opening in business email and calls.

If you learn these three as fixed phrases and stop trying to translate them, a large part of everyday Japanese suddenly has a shape.

Meeting again, and meeting after a long time

ひさしぶりです。 — It's been a while. (polite) ひさしぶり! — Long time no see! (casual)

ひさしぶり is one of the most common openers after any gap, and it frequently replaces こんにちは entirely.

Within the same day, Japanese generally does not repeat the greeting. Passing a colleague for the second time, a nod or a light おつかさまです is the pattern — repeating おはようございます would sound like you had forgotten the first one.

Casual greetings

  • やあ / おっす — casual, mostly male, fairly anime-flavoured.
  • どうも — light and flexible; can be hello or thanks.
  • 元気げんき — "how are you?", but not as an automatic opener the way English uses it.

That last point matters: 元気げんきですか is not a greeting the way "how are you?" is. It is a genuine question, used when you have not seen someone for a while. Asking it every time you meet someone reads as odd, or as though you are worried about them.

Common mistakes

  • Using こんにちは with colleagues.つかさまです is the in-group greeting.
  • Asking お元気げんきですか every time. It is a real question for a real gap, not an automatic opener.
  • Replying to いらっしゃいませ. A nod is the whole response.
  • Using もしもし in person. Phone only.
  • Skipping ただいま / おかえり. They come in pairs, and the missing half is noticed.
  • Saying おはよう to a boss. The ございます is what makes it polite; the short form is for friends and family.

The greeting map

Situation What to say
Arriving at work, any hour おはようございます
Passing a colleague during the day つかさまです
Entering a shop (nothing — they greet you)
Meeting a neighbour in the afternoon こんにちは
Leaving the house いってきます
Coming home ただいま
Leaving work さき失礼しつれいします
Seeing someone after months ひさしぶりです
Answering the phone もしもし
Starting a business call or email 世話せわになっております

Practice

Say each answer out loud first. Questions 2 and 3 are a pair: the same time of day, two different relationships.

1. You arrive at work at 3pm for an evening shift. What do you say?

Show answer

おはようございます — it marks arrival, not the hour. Common in workplaces with shifts.

2. You pass a colleague in the corridor at 2pm. What do you say?

Show answer

つかさまです — the in-group greeting. こんにちは would sound distant.

3. You pass a neighbour on the street at 2pm. What do you say?

Show answer

こんにちは — outside your group, daytime. Same hour, different relationship, different word.

4. A shop assistant says いらっしゃいませ. What do you say?

Show answer

Nothing — a small nod — it is broadcast at everyone entering and expects no reply.

5. You are leaving the house. What do you say, and what do they say back?

Show answer

いってきます → いってらっしゃい — a fixed pair. Both halves are expected.

6. You get home. What do you say, and what do they say back?

Show answer

ただいま → おかえりなさい — the returning pair.

7. What does おつかさまです actually mean?

Show answer

It acknowledges the other person's effort — and functions as hello, goodbye, thanks and "good work" depending on context. No English equivalent.

8. Why shouldn't you ask お元気げんきですか every time you meet someone?

Show answer

It is a genuine question, not a greeting formula — it belongs after a real gap, not as an automatic opener.

9. You are leaving the office before your colleagues. What do you say?

Show answer

さき失礼しつれいします — "excuse me for going first". They will answer おつかさまでした.

10. You bump into an old friend you have not seen in a year. What do you say?

Show answer

ひさしぶり! (casual) or おひさしぶりです (polite) — this usually replaces こんにちは entirely.

FAQ

Is こんにちは ever wrong? Not wrong, but often not the natural choice. It is correct with strangers and acquaintances during the day, and slightly distant with people you work alongside.

When exactly does おはよう become こんにちは? Roughly 10 or 11am in everyday life, though nobody enforces it. At work, おはようございます attaches to your arrival rather than to the clock.

Do I need to bow when greeting? A small nod, yes. Full bows are for formal introductions and apologies; everyday greetings come with a nod that is more like a head-dip than a bow.

What do I say when I answer the phone for a business? Your company name plus でございます, not もしもし. もしもし is for personal calls and for checking whether the line is still connected.

Is おっす or やあ safe to use? Between close friends of similar age, yes. Both are casual and slightly performative, and neither belongs anywhere polite.

What do I say when leaving a conversation? 失礼しつれいします is the safe general one. じゃあ、また ("see you") is the casual version, and おつかさまでした works when leaving a work setting.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

おはようございます	おはようございます — good morning (polite)
こんにちは	こんにちは — hello (daytime)
こんばんは	こんばんは — good evening
お疲れ様	おつかれさま — thanks for your effort (workplace greeting)
いってきます	いってきます — I'm off
いってらっしゃい	いってらっしゃい — see you, take care
ただいま	ただいま — I'm home
おかえりなさい	おかえりなさい — welcome back
いらっしゃいませ	いらっしゃいませ — welcome (to a shop)
もしもし	もしもし — hello (phone only)
久しぶり	ひさしぶり — it's been a while
元気	げんき — well, energetic
失礼します	しつれいします — excuse me (leaving, entering)
挨拶	あいさつ — greeting
近所	きんじょ — neighbourhood
同僚	どうりょう — colleague
帰る	かえる — to go home
会う	あう — to meet

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. Greetings are the fastest win in the language: a student who switches from こんにちは to おつかさまです in the right room sounds like they have been here, and it takes one lesson to learn.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5

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