LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Sep 18, 2026

How to say "two days ago" and "in three days" in Japanese

Use おととい and あさって when you mean two days from *today*. Use 二日ふつかまえ and 二日後ふつかご when you mean two days from *some other moment* you have already mentioned. Mixing them up moves the event to a different day.

This is one of the few places where Japanese is stricter than English. "Two days later" in English floats — it attaches to whatever moment the story is at. Japanese makes you choose an anchor before you speak.

The basics

The fixed words: anchored to today

These seven words only ever mean "relative to the moment of speaking." They cannot be moved.

Japanese Reading Meaning
一昨昨日さきおととい さきおととい 3 days ago
一昨日いっさくじつ おととい the day before yesterday
昨日きのう きのう yesterday
今日きょう きょう today
明日あした あした tomorrow
明後日みょうごにち あさって the day after tomorrow
明々後日しあさって しあさって 3 days from now

さきおととい and しあさって exist and are understood, but they are rare enough that most speakers say 三日みっかまえ and 三日みっかあと instead. おととい and あさって, on the other hand, are completely everyday.

おととい映画えいがました。 — I watched a film the day before yesterday. (polite) あさって東京とうきょうきます。 — I'm going to Tokyo the day after tomorrow. (polite)

The counted forms: 〜日前にちまえ and 〜日後にちご

Take the day counter, add まえ (before) or あと (after).

Number 日前にちまえ 日後にちご
1 一日いちにちまえ (いちにちまえ) 一日後いちにちご (いちにちご)
2 二日ふつかまえ (ふつかまえ) 二日後ふつかご (ふつかご)
3 三日みっかまえ (みっかまえ) 三日みっかあと (みっかご)
4 四日よっかまえ (よっかまえ) 四日よっかあと (よっかご)
5 五日いつかまえ (いつかまえ) 五日いつかあと (いつかご)
10 十日とうかまえ (とおかまえ) 十日とうかあと (とおかご)
20 二十日はつかまえ (はつかまえ) 二十日はつかあと (はつかご)

The readings are the irregular day counter, not the plain numbers — ふつか, みっか, よっか and so on. If those are new, the Japanese counters article has the full set and why they behave like this.

Note the あと in 二日後ふつかご is read ご, not あと. あと has both readings and they are not interchangeable here.

三日みっかあと結果けっかます。 — The results come out in three days. (polite) 二日ふつかまえにメールをおくりました。 — I sent the email two days before. (polite)

The rule that actually matters

おととい means two days before today. 二日ふつかまえ means two days before whatever moment we are talking about.

Look at what changes:

先週せんしゅう月曜日げつようびって、その二日ふつかまえ電話でんわしました。 — We met last Monday, and I phoned two days before that. (polite — two days before Monday: Saturday) 先週せんしゅう月曜日げつようびって、おととい電話でんわしました。 — We met last Monday, and I phoned the day before yesterday. (polite — two days before today, whatever today is)

Same numbers, different days. English "two days before" and "the day before yesterday" carry the same distinction, but English lets you be vague. Japanese does not.

Beyond the basics

Weeks, months and years work the same way

The pattern repeats up the scale, with fixed words in the middle and counted forms on either side.

Unit 2 back 1 back now 1 forward 2 forward
Week 先々週せんせんしゅう (せんせんしゅう) 先週せんしゅう 今週こんしゅう 来週らいしゅう 再来週さらいしゅう (さらいしゅう)
Month 先々月せんせんげつ (せんせんげつ) 先月せんげつ 今月こんげつ 来月らいげつ 再来月さらいげつ (さらいげつ)
Year 一昨年いっさくねん (おととし) 去年きょねん 今年ことし 来年らいねん 再来年さらいねん (さらいねん)

再来さいらい〜 is the one people forget exists. さらいしゅう is "the week after next" in a single word, and it is ordinary speech, not bookish.

For the counted versions you add あいだ to weeks and months: 二週間前にしゅうかんまえ, 三ヶ月さんかげつあと. Days do not take あいだ in this pattern — 二日間ふつかかんまえ is wrong. The difference between 二日ふつか and 二日間ふつかかん is covered in the duration counters article.

再来週さらいしゅう試験しけんがあります。 — I have an exam the week after next. (polite) 三ヶ月さんかげつあと引っ越ひっこします。 — I'm moving in three months. (polite)

まえ and あと also work on clock time

二時間にじかんまえきました。 — I arrived two hours before. (polite) 十分じゅうぶんあともどります。 — I'll be back in ten minutes. (polite)

Same construction, and here あと is still ご. The trap is 五分ごぶあと (ごふんご), which has two ご sounds doing different jobs and sounds wrong to learners the first few times they say it.

以前いぜん and 以後いご: the fuzzy versions

まえ means exactly that far back. 〜以前いぜん means "that far back or earlier," and it is common in writing and announcements.

  • 三日みっかまえ — three days ago, that specific day
  • 三日みっか以前いぜん — three days ago or before that
  • 三日みっか以内いない — within three days
  • 三日みっか以降いこう — from three days out onward

ねん以前いぜんは、ここにみせがありました。 — Before 2020 there was a shop here. (polite)

〜ぶり: "for the first time in ___"

This one has no English single-word equivalent and shows up constantly.

三年さんねんぶりにいました。 — We met for the first time in three years. (polite) ひさしぶり! — Long time no see! (casual)

ひさしぶり is literally きゅう (long) + ぶり, and it is the same construction with the number replaced by "a long while." Knowing that makes the fixed greeting stop being a fixed greeting.

How it sounds in anime

Three things worth listening for.

First, あさって and おととい are used constantly and never spelled out as 明後日みょうごにち in speech — the kanji appear in subtitles and the sound is what you learn.

Second, 明日あした has two readings. あした is normal speech; あす is more formal and turns up in news broadcasts, announcements and dramatic lines. みょうにち is the business-formal third option, mostly in emails and hotel counters.

Third, characters drop まえ and あと in casual speech when the context is obvious: 三日みっかわる rather than 三日みっかあとわる. で here is "within / by means of," and it does a different job from あとに — "it'll be done in three days" versus "it'll be done three days from now."

Common mistakes

  • 二日後ふつかご for "the day after tomorrow." If your anchor is today, say あさって. 二日後ふつかご alone makes the listener look for the moment you are counting from.
  • Reading あと as あと in 三日みっかあと. It is みっかご. あと is the reading in あとで (later) and うしろ (behind).
  • 一日いちにちまえ read as ついたちまえ. ついたち is the date "the 1st." For counting days you want いちにち.
  • 二日間ふつかかんまえ. あいだ goes on weeks and months in this pattern (二週間前にしゅうかんまえ), never on days.
  • Using 明日あした for "the next day" in a past-tense story. That is 翌日よくじつ (よくじつ). 明日あした is anchored to today and cannot float back into a narrative.
  • 来年らいねん for "next year" when you mean the following year of a story. That is 翌年よくねん. Same problem as 明日あした.

翌日よくじつ and 翌年よくねん are the story versions of "the next day" and "the following year," and they are the piece almost nobody teaches until you are already confused by it.

FAQ

What is the difference between あした, あす and みょうにち? All three are 明日あした. あした is ordinary speech, あす is formal or newsreader register, みょうにち is business-formal and mostly written. The meaning is identical.

Is しあさって actually used? Yes, but it is regional and uncommon. 三日みっかあと is safer and will always be understood. In some regions しあさって means four days out rather than three, which is exactly why 三日みっかあと is safer.

How do I say "a week ago today"? 先週せんしゅう今日きょう — literally "last week's today." Japanese builds it out of the fixed words rather than counting.

Why is 二十日はつか read はつか? It is one of the surviving irregular readings in the day counter, alongside ついたち and みっか. There is no rule to derive it from; it is memorised. The counters article lists them together.

Can I use あと for "later" on its own? Yes, as あとで (あとで) — "later, afterwards." That is a different word from the ご in 三日みっかあと, even though the kanji is the same.

Practice

Questions 3 and 4 are a pair: the same gap in days, one anchored to today and one anchored to a mentioned moment.

1. Say "I watched a film the day before yesterday," politely.

Show answer

おととい映画えいがました。 — おととい is anchored to today, which is what "the day before yesterday" means in English.

2. Say "I'm going to Tokyo the day after tomorrow," politely.

Show answer

あさって東京とうきょうきます。 — あさって, not 二日後ふつかご. With today as the anchor, the fixed word is the natural choice.

3. "We met on Monday, and I phoned two days before that." Fill the blank: 月曜日げつようびって、その__に電話でんわしました。

Show answer

二日ふつかまえ(ふつかまえ) — the anchor is Monday, not today, so the counted form is required. おととい would move the phone call to two days before today.

4. Now the same sentence, but the phone call really was the day before yesterday.

Show answer

月曜日げつようびって、おととい電話でんわしました。 — anchored to today. Note the meeting and the call are now in an order that depends on what today is.

5. How do you read 三日みっかあと?

Show answer

みっかご. — the irregular day counter みっか, plus あと read ご. Not みっかあと.

6. Say "I'm moving in three months," politely.

Show answer

三ヶ月さんかげつあと引っ越ひっこします。 — months take あいだ in duration (三ヶ月さんかげつあいだ) but the 〜あと form is 三ヶ月さんかげつあと. The に marks the point in time.

7. Say "the week after next" in one word.

Show answer

再来週さらいしゅう(さらいしゅう).再来さいらい〜 covers week, month and year: 再来週さらいしゅう再来月さらいげつ再来年さらいねん.

8. Fix this: 二日間ふつかかんまえにメールをおくりました。

Show answer

二日ふつかまえにメールをおくりました。あいだ attaches to weeks and months in this pattern (二週間前にしゅうかんまえ) but never to days.

9. You are telling a story set last summer. How do you say "the next day"?

Show answer

翌日よくじつ(よくじつ).明日あした is locked to today and cannot float into a past narrative. 翌年よくねん does the same job for years.

10. Say "We met for the first time in three years," politely.

Show answer

三年さんねんぶりにいました。 — 〜ぶり is the gap since the last time. ひさしぶり is the same construction with "a long while" in place of a number.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

一昨日	おととい — the day before yesterday
昨日	きのう — yesterday
明日	あした — tomorrow
明後日	あさって — the day after tomorrow
明々後日	しあさって — three days from now
二日前	ふつかまえ — two days before
三日後	みっかご — three days later
一昨年	おととし — the year before last
先々週	せんせんしゅう — the week before last
再来週	さらいしゅう — the week after next
再来月	さらいげつ — the month after next
翌日	よくじつ — the next day (in a narrative)
翌年	よくねん — the following year
以前	いぜん — before, previously
以内	いない — within
以降	いこう — from then on
久しぶり	ひさしぶり — for the first time in a long while
結果	けっか — result
試験	しけん — exam
引っ越す	ひっこす — to move house

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. This comes up in almost every beginner course, and the fix is always the same: decide what you are counting from before you open your mouth.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5

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