LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Talking to real people · Sep 13, 2026

How to ask "what does this mean?" in Japanese

どういう意味いみですか asks what a word means. なんいますか asks how to say something. なんみますか asks how to read a kanji. These are three different questions, and learners lose whole conversations by reaching for なんですか instead of the right one.

This is the most useful set of sentences a beginner can carry, and it is barely taught. Every textbook gives you vocabulary for ordering food and none for the moment you do not understand the answer — which is the moment that actually decides whether a conversation continues or quietly ends.

The basics

"What does this mean?" — どういう意味いみですか

Use this when you have heard or read a word and you want its meaning.

「めんどくさい」はどういう意味いみですか。 — What does 面倒めんどうくさい mean? mean?それ、どういう意味いみですか。 — What does that mean? (polite, about something just said) どういう意味いみ — What's that mean? (casual)

どういう literally means "what kind of," so the sentence is "what kind of meaning is it?" You will also see 意味いみなんですか, which is understood but sounds stiffer and slightly like a quiz question. Produce どういう意味いみですか.

"How do you say X in Japanese?" — なんいますか

Use this when you have the concept and need the word.

これは日本語にほんごなんいますか。 — What do you call this in Japanese? "stapler" は日本語にほんごなんいますか。 — How do you say "stapler" in Japanese? これ、なんうの? — What's this called? (casual — なんて is the spoken form of なんと)

Point at the thing while you say これ and the sentence works even if the rest of your Japanese is shaky. This single question is how you build vocabulary out in the world rather than out of a list.

"How do you read this?" — なんみますか

Japanese needs a separate question for this, because knowing what a kanji means and knowing how to say it out loud are genuinely different problems.

この漢字かんじなんみますか。 — How do you read this kanji? 名前なまえなんとおみしますか。 — How do I read your name? (polite — names are the main reason this question exists)

Even native speakers ask this about names constantly, so it carries no embarrassment at all.

The three, side by side

You want Ask Literally
The meaning of a word you heard 〜はどういう意味いみですか "what kind of meaning?"
The Japanese word for a thing 〜は日本語にほんごなんいますか "what do you say?"
The reading of a kanji 〜はなんみますか "how do you read?"
The name of an object in front of you これはなんですか "what is this?"
Someone to repeat もう一度いちどねがいします "once more, please"
Someone to slow down ゆっくりおねがいします "slowly, please"

That fourth row is the trap, and it is worth lining up against the ordinary question words: これはなんですか asks what an object is — perfect when you are holding an unfamiliar snack, wrong when you want a word defined.

Beyond the basics

って: the casual shortcut that does all of this

In real conversation, って does the work of は and と and quotation marks all at once.

「やばい」ってどういう意味いみ — What does yabai mean? (casual) それってなに — What's that? (casual) 「ホッチキス」ってなんですか。 — What's a hotchkisu? (semi-polite — って with です is completely normal)

って is how Japanese speakers quote a word they are asking about. It is casual but not rude, and it is what you will hear far more often than the textbook forms. Mixing って with です is normal and lands as friendly rather than sloppy.

The four sentences that keep a conversation alive

Asking what a word means only helps if you can also buy time. These four do that, and each one is a complete turn on its own:

すみません、もう一度いちどねがいします。 — Sorry, one more time please. もうすこしゆっくりおねがいします。 — A little more slowly, please. すみません、れませんでした。 — Sorry, I couldn't catch that. えーっと、なんでしたっけ… — Umm, what was it again… (casual, buying time out loud)

That last one is worth having ready. Japanese conversation tolerates visible thinking — えーっと and あの is what native speakers do while they search for a word, and using them makes a pause sound like thought rather than failure. The same principle drives the two questions that keep a conversation going: what keeps you talking is not vocabulary, it is having a move ready when the vocabulary runs out.

Checking rather than asking

Once you have a guess, confirm it instead of asking from scratch. This is faster and shows you were following.

大丈夫だいじょうぶ」は "it's okay" という意味いみですか。 — Does 大丈夫だいじょうぶ mean "it's okay"? mean "it's okay"?これでっていますか。 — Is this right? きます」でいいですか。 — Is きます okay here?

Offering your guess gives the other person something to correct, which is much easier for them than explaining from nothing. In a lesson it is the difference between a two-second answer and a two-minute detour.

かりません and りません are not the same

This one catches everybody.

かりません。 — I don't understand. / I don't know (having thought about it). りません。 — I don't know it. (and it can sound cold — "that's not my business")

If someone asks you something and you answer りません, it can land as dismissive. かりません is the safe default. For "I've never heard of it," らないです or いたことがありません is softer than a bare りません.

How does this sound in anime?

The casual forms dominate, and they are short enough to catch on a first listen:

どういうこと? — What do you mean? (about a situation, not a word) えっ、なに — Huh, what? 意味いみわかんない。 — I don't get it. (casual, often exasperated)

どういうこと is worth separating from どういう意味いみ. 意味いみ asks about a word; こと asks about a situation. "What does this word mean?" versus "what is going on here?" — same question shape, completely different scope.

Common mistakes

  • Using これはなんですか to ask what a word means. That asks what an object is. For a word, use どういう意味いみですか.
  • もう一度いちどってください without すみません. Grammatically fine, but a bare imperative-style request to a stranger is blunt. すみません、もう一度いちどねがいします is the natural shape.
  • りません as a default "I don't know." Use かりません unless you specifically mean "I have no knowledge of that thing."
  • 意味いみなんですか as your main form. Understood, but stiff. どういう意味いみですか is what people say.
  • Asking なんみますか about a whole sentence. That question is for a kanji or a name. For a sentence, ask んでもらえますか ("could you read it for me?").
  • Not asking at all. The most expensive mistake here is silence — nodding through a word you did not catch costs you the rest of the conversation, and asking costs you four seconds.

Practice

Answers are hidden — build yours first, then open. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: the situations look identical and need different questions.

1. You heard the word 「めんどくさい」 and don't know it. Ask politely.

Show answer

「めんどくさい」はどういう意味いみですか — どういう意味いみ asks for the meaning of a word you already heard.

2. Someone hands you an unfamiliar snack. Ask what it is.

Show answer

これはなんですか — this asks what an object is, not what a word means. This is the pair to question 1: same "what?", completely different question.

3. You want to know the Japanese word for a stapler. Ask.

Show answer

これは日本語にほんごなんいますか — point at it as you say これ. なんいますか asks for the word, not the meaning.

4. You see a kanji you can't pronounce. Ask.

Show answer

この漢字かんじなんみますか — reading and meaning are separate questions in Japanese, so this has its own verb: む.

5. Make 「やばい」はどういう意味いみですか casual.

Show answer

「やばい」ってどういう意味いみ — って replaces は when quoting a word, and ですか drops to a rising intonation.

6. You didn't catch what someone said. Ask them to repeat, politely.

Show answer

すみません、もう一度いちどねがいします — the すみません is doing real work. Without it, a bare request to a stranger sounds blunt.

7. You think 大丈夫だいじょうぶ means "it's okay." Check instead of asking from scratch.

Show answer

大丈夫だいじょうぶ」は "it's okay" という意味いみですか — offering your guess gives the other person something to confirm or correct, which is much faster than making them explain from nothing.

8. Someone asks you a question you can't answer. Why is りません risky?

Show answer

It can sound dismissiveりません is "I have no knowledge of that," and to a stranger it can read as "not my problem." かりません is the safe default.

9. What is the difference between どういう意味いみ and どういうこと?

Show answer

意味いみ is about a word, こと is about a situation — どういう意味いみですか asks what a word means. どういうことですか asks what is going on.

10. Someone is speaking too fast. Ask them to slow down.

Show answer

もうすこしゆっくりおねがいします — おねがいします turns almost any noun or adverb into a polite request, which makes it one of the highest-value phrases for a beginner.

FAQ

Is it rude to interrupt to ask what a word means? No, and in Japan it is generally welcomed — it shows you are following. A quick すみません before the question is all the softening you need, and stopping early is far better than letting three more sentences pile up on a word you missed.

What is the most useful single phrase here?ねがいします. Attached to almost anything, it becomes a polite request: もう一度いちどねがいします, ゆっくりおねがいします, 日本語にほんごでおねがいします, 英語えいごでおねがいします. It does more work than any other four syllables in the language.

Why is って so common if it's casual? Because Japanese quotes things constantly and と is heavy. って is the spoken contraction, and it appears in polite conversation too — 「〜」ってなんですか is entirely normal. Reserve the full と for writing and formal speech.

How do I ask someone to write it down? いてもらえますか ("could you write it?") or ここにいてください ("please write it here"). For a kanji you heard but cannot picture, どんな漢字かんじですか ("which kanji is it?") is the question native speakers use.

What do I say when I understand? かりました ("got it") is the standard, and なるほど ("ah, I see") is the warm one that signals you actually followed rather than just heard. なるほど is one of the most satisfying words to start using naturally.

Should I ask in English if I'm stuck? 英語えいごでおねがいします is a perfectly polite escape hatch and nobody will think less of you for it. But try the guess-and-confirm form first — 「〜」という意味いみですか gets you a one-word answer and keeps the conversation in Japanese, which is where the practice is.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

意味	いみ — meaning
言う	いう — to say
読む	よむ — to read
漢字	かんじ — kanji
名前	なまえ — name
日本語	にほんご — Japanese (language)
英語	えいご — English (language)
もう一度	もういちど — one more time
ゆっくり	ゆっくり — slowly
聞き取る	ききとる — to catch, to make out (by ear)
分かる	わかる — to understand
知る	しる — to know
合う	あう — to be correct, to match
書く	かく — to write
大丈夫	だいじょうぶ — all right, okay
面倒くさい	めんどくさい — a hassle, can't be bothered
なるほど	なるほど — ah, I see
お願いします	おねがいします — please (making a request)

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. These six sentences do more for a beginner than any amount of vocabulary — a learner who can ask どういう意味いみですか keeps talking, and a learner who nods politely runs out of conversation in about four minutes.

Book a trial lesson · $13

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5

Want to try this in a real conversation?

30-minute trial lesson, $13. Times shown in your own timezone.

Book a trial lesson · $13