LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Talking to real people · Sep 17, 2026

How do you say "how do you say...?" in Japanese?

〜は日本語にほんごなんいますか — "what do you say for ~ in Japanese?" That single sentence is the most valuable thing a beginner can memorize, because it is the sentence that gets you every other sentence for free.

Most beginner phrasebooks are lists of things to say. This is different: it is a tool for extracting new Japanese from the person in front of you, in Japanese, without breaking into English. Learners who own it improve noticeably faster than learners who do not, because every conversation becomes a source of vocabulary instead of a test of it.

The basics

The full sentence

「water」は日本語にほんごなんいますか。 — How do you say "water" in Japanese? (polite, the complete form) これは日本語にほんごなんいますか。 — What do you call this in Japanese? (polite, while pointing at something)

The parts:

  • 〜は — the topic: the thing you want a word for
  • 日本語にほんご — "in Japanese," with で marking the language as the means
  • なん — "as what," where と is the quotation particle
  • いますか — "do you say?"

The と is the interesting piece. It is the same quotation と in 〜とおもいます, and it is doing the same job: marking the content of speech. You are literally asking "as what do people say it."

The shorter version everyone actually uses

In real conversation, なんいますか usually compresses to なんですか.

これは日本語にほんごなんですか。 — What is this in Japanese? (polite, the everyday version) 「library」は日本語にほんごなんですか。 — What's "library" in Japanese? (polite)

This is shorter, completely natural, and slightly less precise — なんですか asks what something is, and context supplies that you mean its name. Nobody will misunderstand you. Use the long version when you want to be unambiguous, the short one the rest of the time.

The casual version

Drop ですか and add って, the casual quotation particle.

これ、日本語にほんごなんうの? — What's this called in Japanese? (casual, friends) これなに — What's this? (very casual — the minimum viable question)

なんうの is the form you will hear constantly in anime and in ordinary conversation. なんて is a contraction of なんと, and の softens the question into curiosity rather than interrogation.

Beyond the basics

The opposite question: asking what a word means

This sentence has a twin pointing the other way. If you heard a Japanese word and want its meaning rather than a word for something you can see, you need 〜はどういう意味いみですか.

「もったいない」はどういう意味いみですか。 — What does もったいない mean? (polite — you heard the word, you want the meaning) 「wasteful」は日本語にほんごなんいますか。 — How do you say "wasteful" in Japanese? (polite — you have the meaning, you want the word)

Learners mix these up constantly, and the mix-up is visible: asking どういう意味いみですか about an English word makes it sound as though you do not know your own language. Check which direction you are travelling before you open your mouth.

When you do not know the English word either

This is the situation phrasebooks never cover and real life produces weekly. You can point, or you can describe.

これはなんですか。 — What is this? (polite, pointing — the simplest escape hatch in the language) えっと、かみるところです。 — Um, it's the place where you get your hair cut. (polite, describing your way toward the word)

Describing is a skill worth practising on purpose. 〜ところ ("the place where"), 〜もの ("the thing that") and 〜ひと ("the person who") let you build a definition out of words you already have, and the other person supplies the noun. That exchange is how vocabulary actually enters your head — attached to a moment, not to a list.

いますか vs えばいいですか

A slightly more advanced version asks not what the word is, but what you should say — useful when the issue is politeness rather than vocabulary.

こういうときなんえばいいですか。 — What should I say in a situation like this? (polite — asking about register, not words)

This is the question to use when you know the words but not whether they are appropriate. It is also the question that gets you the most useful answers from a native speaker, because it invites them to correct your whole sentence rather than hand you a noun.

Asking about a specific written word

If the word is in front of you on a page or a screen, swap 日本語にほんごで for a pointer.

この漢字かんじなんみますか。 — How do you read this kanji? (polite — asking for the pronunciation, not the meaning) これはなんいてありますか。 — What does this say? (polite, about a sign or notice)

みますか is the one to have ready in Japan. Kanji you cannot read are a daily problem, and なんみますか gets you a reading from anyone standing nearby without any awkwardness at all.

Softening it when you interrupt

If you are cutting into a conversation to ask, a short preamble makes it land better.

すみません、ちょっといてもいいですか。 — Excuse me, can I ask something? (polite — the standard opener)

That pairs naturally with 〜てもいいですか, and the two together make a complete, polite interruption that works with strangers, teachers and colleagues alike.

Common mistakes

  • Using どういう意味いみですか for an English word. That asks what the English means. For an English word you want 日本語にほんごなんいますか.
  • Saying 日本語にほんごに instead of 日本語にほんごで. で marks the means or medium. に would point at Japanese as a destination.
  • Dropping the と. 日本語にほんごなにいますか is missing the quotation particle. It is なにいますか.
  • Using this to ask for a translation of a whole sentence. For a sentence, 〜は日本語にほんごでどういますか ("how do you say ~") fits better than なんいますか, which expects a word.
  • Forgetting you can just point. これはなんですか solves most real situations and costs four words.
  • Only asking in English. The whole value of this sentence is that it keeps the conversation in Japanese. Asking "how do you say water?" in English gets you the same word and none of the practice.

The question-asking toolkit

What you want Sentence When
A Japanese word for a thing you can name 〜は日本語にほんごなんいますか You know the English
A Japanese word for a thing you can see これは日本語にほんごなんいますか You can point
The meaning of a Japanese word 〜はどういう意味いみですか You heard it
The reading of a kanji この漢字かんじなんみますか You can see it written
What is written on something これはなんいてありますか A sign or notice
The appropriate thing to say こういうときなんえばいいですか You want register, not vocabulary
Permission to interrupt and ask ちょっといてもいいですか Before any of the above

Practice

Questions 1 and 2 are the pair that matters most: two questions that look similar and point in opposite directions.

1. You want the Japanese word for "wasteful." Ask politely.

Show answer

「wasteful」は日本語にほんごなんいますか。 — You have the meaning and want the word, so this is the direction to travel.

2. You heard もったいない and want to know what it means. Ask politely.

Show answer

「もったいない」はどういう意味いみですか。 — You have the word and want the meaning. Using なんいますか here would make no sense.

3. You are pointing at an object you cannot name in any language. Ask politely.

Show answer

これはなんですか。 — Four words, solves most real situations. Pointing is allowed.

4. Ask the same thing casually, to a friend.

Show answer

これ、日本語にほんごなんうの?なんて is the casual contraction of なんと, and の softens it into curiosity.

5. You can see a kanji but cannot read it. Ask politely.

Show answer

この漢字かんじなんみますか。む for the pronunciation. This is the most useful version of the question inside Japan.

6. You know the words but not whether they are polite enough. Ask.

Show answer

こういうときなんえばいいですか。 — This asks about register rather than vocabulary, and it gets far better answers.

7. Ask permission to interrupt with a question.

Show answer

すみません、ちょっといてもいいですか。 — The standard opener. Pairs with any question on this page.

8. Describe a barber shop without knowing the word, so the other person supplies it.

Show answer

かみるところです。 — 〜ところ lets you define your way to a noun using words you already have. This is the single most useful improvisation skill at N5.

9. Fix this: 「water」は日本語にほんごなんいますか。

Show answer

「water」は日本語にほんごなんいますか。 — で marks the medium. に would treat Japanese as a destination.

10. Fix this: これは日本語にほんごなにいますか。

Show answer

これは日本語にほんごなんいますか。 — The quotation particle と is not optional here.

FAQ

Is なんいますか or なんですか more correct? Both are correct. なんいますか is more precise and slightly more formal; なんですか is shorter and far more common in speech. Neither will confuse anyone.

Can I use this with a teacher mid-lesson? Yes, and you should. It is the single best habit a beginner can build, because it keeps you inside the language instead of stepping outside it every time you hit a gap.

What if they answer with a word I do not know either? Ask again about the new word: それはどういう意味いみですか. Two rounds of this usually lands on something you know, and the detour is where the learning happens.

How do I ask for a whole sentence rather than a word? 〜は日本語にほんごでどういますか. どう ("how") fits a sentence; なんと ("as what") expects a noun.

Is なんうの rude? No, just casual. It is the plain form, so it belongs with friends, family and people your own age. With a stranger or a teacher, use なんいますか.

What does the と in なんと actually do? It marks quoted content — the same と in 〜とおもいます and 〜といました. You are asking "as what do you say it", which is why the particle is there at all.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

日本語	にほんご — Japanese (language)
何	なに — what
言う	いう — to say
読む	よむ — to read
書く	かく — to write
意味	いみ — meaning
漢字	かんじ — kanji
聞く	きく — to ask; to listen
時	とき — time, occasion
ところ	ところ — place
もの	もの — thing
髪	かみ — hair
切る	きる — to cut
水	みず — water
図書館	としょかん — library
こういう	こういう — this kind of
すみません	すみません — excuse me; sorry
ちょっと	ちょっと — a little, just a moment

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. I can usually tell in the first ten minutes of a trial lesson whether someone will get fast: the ones who do are the ones who ask this question instead of switching to English.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5

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