LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N3Grammar, one piece at a time · Sep 21, 2026

〜がち, 〜ぎみ, 〜っぽい: saying someone "tends to" in Japanese

〜がち means something happens often and the speaker is not happy about it — which is why you can say 忘わすれがち and cannot say 成功せいこうしがち.

English "tends to" is neutral. You can tend to succeed, tend to arrive early, tend to be generous. Japanese splits that neutral verb into four different endings, and the most common one carries a built-in complaint. Choosing by meaning alone, without the attitude, is how learners end up praising someone in a way that sounds like criticism.

The basics

How to build 〜がち

Take the ます-stem of a verb and drop ます, then add がち. Some nouns take it directly.

Base With がち Meaning
忘わすれます 忘わすれがち apt to forget
遅おくれます 遅おくれがち apt to be late
休やすみます 休やすみがち apt to be absent
病気びょうき 病気びょうきがち sickly, often ill
曇くもり 曇くもりがち often cloudy

忙いそがしいと朝あさごはんを抜ぬきがちです。 — When I'm busy I tend to skip breakfast. (polite; a habit you are not proud of) 彼かれは約束やくそくを忘わすれがちだ。 — He's apt to forget promises. (plain; a complaint) 今週こんしゅうは曇くもりがちでしょう。 — It will be mostly cloudy this week. (polite; weather forecast, the one neutral use)

The rule that decides everything

がち needs the speaker to see the tendency as a problem. Forgetting, being late, skipping meals, getting ill, jumping to conclusions — all natural. Succeeding, arriving early, being kind — all wrong with がち.

×彼かれは成功せいこうしがちだ。 ○彼かれはよく成功せいこうする。 — He often succeeds. (the neutral way to say it)

The weather forecast use (曇くもりがち, 雨あめがち) survives because a cloudy sky reads as mildly unwelcome. That is the exception that proves the rule rather than a break in it.

The everyday がち sentences

一人暮ひとりぐらしだと野菜やさいが不足ふそくしがちです。 — Living alone, you tend to be short on vegetables. (polite; the classic health-article sentence) 初心者しょしんしゃにありがちなミスです。 — It's a mistake beginners are prone to. (polite; ありがち = common, and usually unwelcome)

ありがち is worth memorising on its own. It means "typical, all too common," and it is almost always mildly dismissive.

Beyond the basics

〜ぎみ: a slight lean

〜ぎみ (気味ぎみ) means "a touch of," "slightly toward." Where がち says it happens repeatedly, ぎみ says you are a little bit that way right now.

風邪かぜぎみです。 — I've got a bit of a cold. (polite; the standard phrase for calling in slightly unwell) 最近さいきん太ふとりぎみだ。 — I've put on a bit of weight lately. (plain) 電車でんしゃは遅おくれぎみです。 — The trains are running a little late. (polite)

Compare: 遅おくれがち means "that train line is often late" — a pattern. 遅おくれぎみ means "it is running slightly behind" — right now. Both are negative, and that is what they share.

〜やすい: it happens easily

〜やすい is the neutral one, and it is about ease, not habit. It covers both "easy to do" and "prone to happening."

このコップは割われやすい。 — This cup breaks easily. (plain; a property of the cup) 分わかりやすい説明せつめいでした。 — It was an easy-to-understand explanation. (polite; clearly positive) 疲つかれやすい体質たいしつなんです。 — I have a constitution that tires easily. (polite)

Because it is neutral, やすい is the one that can be a compliment. The full pair with にくい is in 〜やすい and 〜にくい.

忘わすれやすい — easy to forget, forgettable (a property — the thing is hard to remember) 忘わすれがち — apt to forget (a habit — the person keeps doing it)

That pair is the sharpest test of the difference. やすい describes the thing; がち describes the person's pattern.

〜っぽい: it gives off that impression

〜っぽい means "-ish," "gives the impression of." With emotion verbs it turns into a personality trait.

怒いかりっぽい人ひとだ。 — He's a quick-tempered person. (plain; literally "angry-ish") 忘わすれっぽい。 — Forgetful. (plain; it's in their nature) 子こどもっぽい。 — Childish. (plain)

忘わすれっぽい and 忘わすれがち overlap in English and differ in Japanese: っぽい is a trait of the person, がち is a pattern of behaviour in given circumstances. 忙いそがしいと忘わすれがち (when busy, prone to forgetting) is situational; 忘わすれっぽい is just who they are.

っぽい is casual and very frequent in speech. It does not belong in an essay, for the reasons set out in 書き言葉かきことば and 話し言葉はなしことば.

The formal version: 〜傾向けいこうがある

In writing, reports and news, the tendency is stated with 傾向けいこう (けいこう).

若者わかものは長ながい動画どうがを避さける傾向けいこうがある。 — Young people have a tendency to avoid long videos. (written; neutral, no complaint) 気温きおんは上昇傾向じょうしょうけいこうにある。 — Temperatures are on a rising trend. (written)

This is the one that can be positive or neutral, because it reports rather than judges. If you need "tends to" in an essay and the tendency is not a fault, 傾向けいこうがある is what you want.

One warning about ガチ

The slang ガチ — as in ガチで ("seriously," "for real") — is a completely different word, written in katakana and shortened from ガチンコ, a sumo term for a bout fought for real. It has no connection to the 〜がち ending. Slang like this is covered in ヤバい and otaku slang.

Common mistakes

  • Using がち for good things. ×成功せいこうしがち, ×早はやく来らいがち. If the tendency is welcome, use よく〜する or 傾向けいこうがある.
  • Attaching がち to the dictionary form. It is 忘わすれがち, not ×忘わすれるがち. Use the ます-stem.
  • Mixing up がち and ぎみ. がち is a repeated pattern, ぎみ is a slight lean at the moment. 風邪かぜがち means "sickly, catches colds often"; 風邪かぜぎみ means "coming down with something."
  • Mixing up 忘わすれやすい and 忘わすれがち. やすい describes the thing being forgotten; がち describes the person doing the forgetting.
  • Using っぽい in writing. It is spoken Japanese. In an essay, 〜傾向けいこうがある or a plain adjective.
  • Assuming ガチ is related. Different word, katakana, slang.

The four at a glance

Ending Attitude What it describes Example
〜がち Negative A repeated pattern 遅おくれがち — often late
〜ぎみ Mildly negative A slight lean right now 風邪かぜぎみ — a bit of a cold
〜やすい Neutral How easily something happens 割われやすい — breaks easily
〜っぽい Casual, often critical An impression or trait 怒いかりっぽい — quick-tempered
〜傾向けいこうがある Neutral, written A statistical tendency 避さける傾向けいこうがある — tends to avoid

Practice

Answers are hidden — build yours first, then open. Questions 5 and 6 are a pair: the same verb, once about the thing and once about the person.

1. Say: "When I'm busy I tend to skip breakfast."

Show answer

忙いそがしいと朝あさごはんを抜ぬきがちです。 — A repeated habit the speaker is not proud of, built on the ます-stem 抜ぬき.

2. What is wrong with 彼かれは成功せいこうしがちだ?

Show answer

がち needs a tendency the speaker dislikes. — Success is welcome, so use 彼かれはよく成功せいこうする or 成功せいこうする傾向けいこうがある.

3. You are slightly unwell and calling work. What do you say?

Show answer

風邪かぜぎみです。 — ぎみ is a slight lean right now. 風邪かぜがち would mean you are the sort of person who catches colds constantly.

4. Say: "This cup breaks easily."

Show answer

このコップは割われやすい。 — やすい is neutral and describes a property of the thing, not a habit of a person.

5. Translate: "This name is easy to forget."

Show answer

この名前なまえは忘わすれやすい。 — The difficulty belongs to the name, so やすい.

6. Now: "When I'm busy I'm apt to forget."

Show answer

忙いそがしいと忘わすれがちです。 — Here the pattern belongs to you, in specific circumstances, so がち.

7. What does ありがちなミス mean, and what is the tone?

Show answer

"A common mistake," slightly dismissive. — ありがち means "all too typical." It is not neutral: it implies the mistake is predictable.

8. Rewrite for an essay: 若者わかものは長ながい動画どうがを見みないっぽい。

Show answer

若者わかものは長ながい動画どうがを避さける傾向けいこうがある。 — っぽい is spoken. 傾向けいこうがある is the written form and carries no judgement.

9. Is ガチで in ガチで面白おもしろい related to 〜がち?

Show answer

No. — ガチ is katakana slang meaning "seriously, for real." The grammar ending 〜がち is a separate word entirely.

10. Describe someone with a short temper.

Show answer

怒いかりっぽい人ひとです。 — っぽい with an emotion verb makes a personality trait. 怒いかりがち would suggest specific situations rather than character.

FAQ

Is 〜がち always negative? In practice, yes, with the weather forecast as the standard exception (曇くもりがち, 雨あめがち). Even there, the cloud is mildly unwelcome. If you want a neutral "often," use よく or 傾向けいこうがある.

Can がち attach to nouns? To a small set: 病気びょうきがち, 遠慮えんりょがち, 曇くもりがち, 留守るすがち. Most of the time you will be attaching it to a ます-stem.

What level is this? 〜がち and 〜ぎみ are typically N3. 〜やすい appears much earlier, and 〜傾向けいこうがある turns up in N2 reading.

What is 遠慮えんりょがち? "Reserved, hesitant" — 遠慮えんりょ is holding back out of consideration, and 遠慮えんりょがちに言いう means to say something tentatively. It is one of the few がち phrases that reads as gentle rather than critical.

How do I say "I tend to be early"? 早はやめに着つくことが多おおいです ("it's often the case that I arrive early") or 早はやく着つく傾向けいこうがあります. Not 早はやく着つきがち, which would suggest arriving early is a fault.

Is ぎみ written with kanji? It is 気味ぎみ, and both spellings appear. In everyday writing 風邪気味かぜぎみ and 風邪かぜぎみ are equally normal.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

がち	がち — apt to, prone to (unwelcome)
気味	ぎみ — a touch of, slightly
傾向	けいこう — tendency, trend
ありがち	ありがち — all too common, typical
遠慮がち	えんりょがち — reserved, hesitant
病気	びょうき — illness
曇り	くもり — cloudy weather
抜く	ぬく — to skip, to leave out
不足	ふそく — shortage, lack
割れる	われる — to break, to crack
体質	たいしつ — constitution, physical makeup
怒りっぽい	おこりっぽい — quick-tempered
忘れっぽい	わすれっぽい — forgetful
初心者	しょしんしゃ — beginner
避ける	さける — to avoid
上昇	じょうしょう — rise, increase
留守	るす — being away from home

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. がち is a good example of something dictionaries handle badly: "tends to" is a perfect translation and a terrible instruction, because it leaves out the one thing that decides whether the sentence works.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

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