LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Fish in Japanese: 魚さかな (さかな), 釣つり, 刺身さしみ, and 骨ほねが多おおい

"Fish" in Japanese is 魚さかな (さかな). Grilled fish is 焼き魚やきざかな (やきざかな), raw fish is 生魚なまざかな (なまざかな) or, served sliced, 刺身さしみ (さしみ). Fishing is 釣つり (つり), and seafood in general is 魚介類ぎょかいるい (ぎょかいるい). Many fish names are written with the 魚さかな radical, like 鮭さけ (さけ, salmon).

Fish is at the center of Japanese food, so the vocabulary is rich: how it is cooked, where you buy it, how you catch it, and dozens of fish names. Notice the sound change: 魚さかな is さかな on its own, but becomes ざかな after 焼やき or 生なま. This post covers the core words and the conversation around eating fish.

How do you say "fish" in Japanese?

What does 魚さかな mean?

魚さかな (さかな) is fish, both the animal and the food. In polite or gentle speech, people often say お魚さかな.

魚さかなが好すきです。 — I like fish. (polite) 川かわに魚さかながいる。 — There are fish in the river. (casual)

The kanji is a picture of a fish: the head, the body with scales, and the tail.

Why is it ざかな in 焼き魚やきざかな?

When 魚さかな follows another word, さ often becomes ざ: 焼き魚やきざかな (やきざかな), 生魚なまざかな (なまざかな). This sound change is called rendaku, and it is common in compound words.

朝あさご飯はんは焼き魚やきざかなだった。 — Breakfast was grilled fish. (casual) 生魚なまざかなは苦手にがてです。 — I'm not a fan of raw fish. (polite)

苦手にがて is a soft way to say you don't like something. For more food verbs, see eat in Japanese.

What is the difference between 刺身さしみ and 寿司すし?

刺身さしみ (さしみ) is sliced raw fish served alone. 寿司すし (すし) is fish or other toppings with vinegared rice.

刺身さしみの盛もり合あわせを頼たのんだ。 — I ordered an assorted sashimi plate. (casual)

Where do fish words show up?

What is 魚屋さかなや?

魚屋さかなや (さかなや) is a fish shop or fishmonger. A fish market is 魚市場うおいちば, traditionally read うおいちば, where 魚さかな is read うお.

魚屋さかなやさんで新鮮しんせんな魚さかなを買かった。 — I bought fresh fish at the fish shop. (casual)

〜屋やさん with さん is the friendly way to refer to a shop.

What does 釣つり mean?

釣つり (つり) is fishing. The verb is 釣つる (つる): 魚さかなを釣つる, "to catch a fish".

週末しゅうまつに釣つりに行いく。 — I'm going fishing this weekend. (casual) 大おおきい魚さかなが釣つれた! — I caught a big fish! (casual, excited)

釣つれた (potential/spontaneous form) is how people say "I caught one".

Word Reading Meaning
魚さかな さかな fish
焼き魚やきざかな やきざかな grilled fish
生魚なまざかな なまざかな raw fish
刺身さしみ さしみ sliced raw fish
魚屋さかなや さかなや fish shop
釣つり つり fishing
魚介類ぎょかいるい ぎょかいるい seafood
骨ほね ほね bone

Beyond the basics

How do you talk about fish bones?

骨ほね (ほね) is bone. 骨ほねが多おおい means "it has a lot of bones", a common complaint with small fish.

この魚さかなは骨ほねが多おおいから気きをつけて。 — Careful, this fish has a lot of bones. (casual)

What are some fish names with the 魚さかな radical?

Many fish kanji include 魚さかな on the left: 鮭さけ (さけ, salmon), 鯛たい (たい, sea bream), 鮪まぐろ (まぐろ, tuna), 鰻うなぎ (うなぎ, eel). In menus, these are often written in hiragana or katakana instead.

鯛たいはお祝いわいの魚さかなです。 — Sea bream is a celebration fish. (polite)

鯛たい is linked with めでたい, "auspicious", so it appears at celebrations.

What is 金魚きんぎょ?

金魚きんぎょ (きんぎょ), "gold fish", is a goldfish. Scooping them at summer festivals is 金魚きんぎょすくい (きんぎょすくい).

お祭まつりで金魚きんぎょすくいをした。 — I did goldfish scooping at the festival. (casual)

For taste words to describe your fish dinner, see Japanese words for delicious.

Common mistakes

  • Saying やきさかな. It is やきざかな.
  • Calling all raw fish すし. Fish alone is 刺身さしみ.
  • Saying 川かわに魚さかながある. Living fish take いる: 魚さかながいる.
  • Only ever saying 魚さかなを釣つった. In speech, 釣つれた ("I managed to catch one") is very common.
  • Saying 魚さかなが嫌きらい bluntly to a host. 苦手にがてです is softer.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair: cooked fish versus raw fish.

1. Say politely, "I like fish."

Show answer

魚さかなが好すきです。 — 魚さかな is さかな.

2. Say "There are fish in the river."

Show answer

川かわに魚さかながいる。 — いる for living things.

3. Say "Breakfast was grilled fish."

Show answer

朝あさご飯はんは焼き魚やきざかなだった。 — やきざかな.

4. Say politely and softly that you're not a fan of raw fish.

Show answer

生魚なまざかなは苦手にがてです。 — なまざかな. This is the pair to question 3.

5. Say "I ordered an assorted sashimi plate."

Show answer

刺身さしみの盛もり合あわせを頼たのんだ。 — 盛もり合あわせ is an assortment.

6. Say "I bought fresh fish at the fish shop."

Show answer

魚屋さかなやさんで新鮮しんせんな魚さかなを買かった。 — 魚屋さかなやさん.

7. Say "I'm going fishing this weekend."

Show answer

週末しゅうまつに釣つりに行いく。 — 釣つりに行いく.

8. You just caught a big fish. Shout it.

Show answer

大おおきい魚さかなが釣つれた! — 釣つれた.

9. Warn a friend that this fish has a lot of bones.

Show answer

この魚さかなは骨ほねが多おおいから気きをつけて。 — 骨ほねが多おおい.

10. What is goldfish scooping at festivals called?

Show answer

金魚きんぎょすくい — きんぎょすくい.

FAQ

How do you say "fish" in Japanese? 魚さかな (さかな).

How do you say "seafood"? 魚介類ぎょかいるい (ぎょかいるい), or 海鮮かいせん (かいせん) on menus.

Why is 焼き魚やきざかな read やきざかな? In compounds, さ often changes to ざ (rendaku).

What is the difference between 刺身さしみ and 寿司すし? 刺身さしみ is sliced raw fish alone; 寿司すし comes with vinegared rice.

How do you say "I'm going fishing"? 釣つりに行いく.

What is 金魚きんぎょ? A goldfish.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

魚	さかな — fish
焼き魚	やきざかな — grilled fish
生魚	なまざかな — raw fish
刺身	さしみ — sashimi
魚屋	さかなや — fish shop
魚市場	うおいちば — fish market
釣り	つり — fishing
釣る	つる — to catch (a fish)
魚介類	ぎょかいるい — seafood
骨	ほね — bone
金魚	きんぎょ — goldfish
苦手	にがて — not good with, not a fan of

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 魚さかな comes up whenever learners talk about Japanese food, and the やきざかな sound change is a small detail that instantly makes their pronunciation sound natural. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference dictionaries.

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