LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Country in Japanese: 国くに (くに), 外国がいこく, 海外かいがい, 国際こくさい, and 〜か国くに

"Country" in Japanese is 国くに (くに). A foreign country is 外国がいこく (がいこく), "overseas" is 海外かいがい (かいがい), and "domestic" is 国内こくない (こくない). Your home country is 母国ぼこく (ぼこく), and "international" is 国際こくさい (こくさい). To count countries, use 〜か国くに: 三さんか国くに is "three countries".

Country words come up in travel, self-introductions, news and online shopping. Japanese has a neat set of compounds built on 国くに, and the difference between 外国がいこく and 海外かいがい is one of the small details that makes your Japanese sound natural. Note that "country" in the sense of "countryside" is a different word, 田舎いなか. This post covers the main words and phrases.

How do you say "country" in Japanese?

What does 国くに mean?

国くに (くに) is a country or nation. It can also mean one's home region, as in お国訛くになまり (a regional accent).

いろいろな国くにに行いってみたい。 — I want to visit lots of countries. (casual)

国くに answers "which country", but once you are inside it and pointing at one spot on the map, the word you need is 場所ばしょ — see place in Japanese.

The home-region sense of 国くに has a smaller everyday counterpart in 地元じもと, your hometown area, and 実家じっか versus 地元じもと separates it from 実家じっか, the house itself, and from 故郷こきょう, the more emotional word.

For "world", the word is 世界せかい (せかい).

How do you ask where someone is from?

お国くにはどちらですか? is a polite way to ask "Which country are you from?". Casually, どこの国くにの人ひと? or 出身しゅっしんはどこ?.

お国くにはどちらですか? — Which country are you from? (polite) 出身しゅっしんはどこ? — Where are you from? (casual)

What is the difference between 外国がいこく and 海外かいがい?

外国がいこく (がいこく) is "a foreign country" as a place. 海外かいがい (かいがい), "overseas", is used for travel, business and living abroad. 海外旅行かいがいりょこう is "a trip abroad".

初はじめて海外旅行かいがいりょこうに行いった。 — I went on my first trip abroad. (casual) 外国がいこくの文化ぶんかに興味きょうみがある。 — I'm interested in foreign cultures. (casual)

What other 国くに words are there?

What do 国内こくない and 国外こくがい mean?

国内こくない (こくない) is domestic, inside the country. 国外こくがい (こくがい) is outside the country. 国内線こくないせん is a domestic flight.

国内線こくないせんは第一だいいちターミナルです。 — Domestic flights are at Terminal 1. (polite, an announcement)

What does 母国ぼこく mean?

母国ぼこく (ぼこく), "mother country", is your home country. 母国語ぼこくご (ぼこくご) is your native language.

母国語ぼこくごは英語えいごです。 — My native language is English. (polite)

What does 国際こくさい mean?

国際こくさい (こくさい) means international: 国際電話こくさいでんわ (international call), 国際こくさい結婚けっこん (international marriage), 国際空港こくさいくうこう (international airport).

成田なりたは国際空港こくさいくうこうだ。 — Narita is an international airport. (casual)

Word Reading Meaning
国くに くに country
外国がいこく がいこく foreign country
外国人がいこくじん がいこくじん foreigner
海外かいがい かいがい overseas
国内こくない こくない domestic
母国ぼこく ぼこく home country
母国語ぼこくご ぼこくご native language
国際こくさい こくさい international

Beyond the basics

What does 帰国きこく mean?

帰国きこく (きこく) is returning to your own country. 帰国子女きこくしじょ (きこくしじょ) is a "returnee": someone who grew up abroad and came back to Japan, often bilingual.

来月らいげつ、帰国きこくする予定よていです。 — I'm planning to go back to my home country next month. (polite) 彼女かのじょは帰国子女きこくしじょだから英語えいごがペラペラだ。 — She grew up abroad, so her English is fluent. (casual)

How do you count countries?

Use 〜か国くに (かこく), sometimes written 〜カ国くに or 〜ヶ国くに: 一いちか国くに, 二にか国くに, 三さんか国くに. For more counters, see Japanese counters.

今いままで十じゅうか国くにに行いったことがある。 — I've been to ten countries so far. (casual)

How do you name countries?

Many country names end in 国くに (こく): 中国ちゅうごく (China), 韓国かんこく (South Korea), 米国べいこく (the US, formal). Most others are in katakana: アメリカ, フランス, ブラジル.

What does "country" mean as countryside?

For "countryside", use 田舎いなか (いなか), not 国くに.

週末しゅうまつは田舎いなかでのんびりした。 — I relaxed in the countryside on the weekend. (casual)

Common mistakes

  • Using 国くに for countryside. That is 田舎いなか.
  • Saying 外国旅行がいこくりょこう. It exists, but 海外旅行かいがいりょこう is far more common.
  • Saying 三国みくに for "three countries". Use 三さんか国くに.
  • Asking あなたの国くには何なんですか. It sounds blunt; say お国くにはどちらですか or 出身しゅっしんはどちらですか.
  • Reading 国際こくさい as くにさい. It is こくさい.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. Questions 5 and 6 are a pair: domestic versus overseas.

1. Say "I want to visit lots of countries."

Show answer

いろいろな国くにに行いってみたい。 — 国くに.

2. Ask politely which country someone is from.

Show answer

お国くにはどちらですか? — polite question.

3. Say "I'm interested in foreign cultures."

Show answer

外国がいこくの文化ぶんかに興味きょうみがある。 — 外国がいこく.

4. Say politely, "My native language is English."

Show answer

母国語ぼこくごは英語えいごです。 — 母国語ぼこくご.

5. An announcement says domestic flights are at Terminal 1. What does it say?

Show answer

国内線こくないせんは第一だいいちターミナルです。 — 国内こくない.

6. Say "I went on my first trip abroad."

Show answer

初はじめて海外旅行かいがいりょこうに行いった。 — 海外かいがい. This is the pair to question 5.

7. Say "Narita is an international airport."

Show answer

成田なりたは国際空港こくさいくうこうだ。 — 国際こくさい.

8. Say "I've been to ten countries so far."

Show answer

今いままで十じゅうか国くにに行いったことがある。 — 〜か国くに.

9. Say "I relaxed in the countryside on the weekend."

Show answer

週末しゅうまつは田舎いなかでのんびりした。 — 田舎いなか.

10. Fix: 三国みくにに行いった。 (meaning three countries)

Show answer

三さんか国くにに行いった。 — use 〜か国くに.

Answer "how many countries have you visited?" with the 〜か国くに counter in a trial lesson and decide between 外国がいこく and 海外かいがい along the way.

FAQ

How do you say "country" in Japanese? 国くに (くに).

What is the difference between 外国がいこく and 海外かいがい? 外国がいこく is a foreign country; 海外かいがい is "overseas", used for travel and living abroad.

How do you ask where someone is from? お国くにはどちらですか? (polite) or 出身しゅっしんはどこ? (casual).

How do you count countries? 〜か国くに: 一いちか国くに, 二にか国くに, 三さんか国くに.

What does 国際こくさい mean? International.

How do you say "countryside"? 田舎いなか (いなか).

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

国	くに — country
外国	がいこく — foreign country
外国人	がいこくじん — foreigner
海外	かいがい — overseas
国内	こくない — domestic
国外	こくがい — outside the country
母国語	ぼこくご — native language
国際	こくさい — international
出身	しゅっしん — origin, hometown
田舎	いなか — countryside
帰国	きこく — returning to one's country
帰国子女	きこくしじょ — returnee

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 海外かいがい versus 外国がいこく is a distinction learners pick up quickly once they hear it in travel talk, and 〜か国くに is the counter they need for every "how many countries have you visited?" conversation. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference dictionaries.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5 · Read something at this level: JLPT N5 stories with audio

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