LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Lesson notes · Sep 26, 2026

Contagious in Japanese: うつる, うつす and 感染かんせん

Contagious in Japanese is うつる (utsuru), "to spread to someone": Japanese usually says "contagious" with a verb, not an adjective. 風邪かぜがうつる means "the cold spreads (to me)," 風邪かぜをうつす means "give someone your cold," and the formal word for infection is 感染かんせん (kansen). "Is it contagious?" is simply うつりますか?

English has a neat adjective, and learners go looking for its Japanese twin. There is one — 感染力かんせんりょくが強つよい, "highly infectious" — but it belongs in a doctor's office or a news report. In daily life, when a coworker is coughing or a child comes home sick, people use うつる and うつす. They are a pair, one intransitive and one transitive, and once you have them you can talk about colds, laughter, yawns and even accents.

The basics

How do you say "Is it contagious?"

うつりますか? — literally "does it spread?" Add the illness if you need to:

その風邪かぜ、うつりますか? — Is that cold contagious? (polite) これって人ひとにうつる? — Can this spread to other people? (casual)

The answer is equally short: うつります ("yes, it's contagious") or うつりません ("no, it isn't").

What does 風邪かぜがうつる mean?

"The cold spread (to someone)." うつる is intransitive: the illness is the subject, marked with が, and it moves on its own. The person it reaches takes に.

弟おとうとの風邪かぜがうつった。 — I caught my little brother's cold. (casual) 子こどもから風邪かぜがうつりました。 — I caught a cold from my child. (polite)

Notice that English says "I caught it," with the person as the subject. Japanese says "it spread," with the cold as the subject. That is the main thing to get used to.

What does 風邪かぜをうつす mean?

"To give someone a cold." うつす is transitive: a person does it, the illness takes を, and the person who receives it takes に.

家族かぞくに風邪かぜをうつしたくない。 — I don't want to give my cold to my family. (casual) うつすといけないので、今日きょうは休やすみます。 — I'll stay home today so I don't give it to anyone. (polite, the standard excuse)

That second sentence is one of the most useful in the article. It is exactly what people write in a message to their boss.

Beyond the basics

Why do people in Japan wear masks when they have a cold?

Because of うつす. The main reason people wear a mask with a cold is to avoid spreading it, not only to protect themselves. You will hear it framed exactly that way:

人ひとにうつさないように、マスクをしています。 — I'm wearing a mask so I don't pass it on. (polite)

The pattern ないように, "so that ... does not happen," pairs naturally with うつす. If you want to apologize for coughing near someone, うつったらごめんね ("sorry if you catch it") is the casual version.

What is 感染かんせん?

感染かんせん (kansen) is "infection," the medical and formal word. It becomes a verb with する: 感染かんせんする, "to become infected." 感染症かんせんしょう is "infectious disease," and 感染力かんせんりょく is "infectiousness."

ウイルスに感染かんせんした。 — I was infected with a virus. (neutral, a bit formal) 感染力かんせんりょくが強つよい病気びょうきです。 — It's a highly contagious disease. (formal, a doctor or the news)

感染力かんせんりょくが強つよい is the closest thing Japanese has to the adjective "contagious." Use it when you are speaking like a doctor. With friends, うつりやすい ("spreads easily") says the same thing in plain words.

インフルエンザはうつりやすい。 — The flu spreads easily. (neutral)

What else can うつる?

This is where the word gets fun. うつる works for anything that spreads from one person to another just by being near them:

  • あくびがうつる — yawns are contagious
  • 笑わらいがうつる — laughter is contagious
  • 口癖くちぐせがうつる — you pick up someone's verbal habit
  • 方言ほうげんがうつる — you pick up someone's dialect

関西かんさいの友達ともだちと話はなしていると、関西弁かんさいべんがうつる。 — When I talk with my friends from Kansai, I start picking up their dialect. (casual)

That last one is something learners who study with one teacher for a long time notice: their teacher's way of speaking うつる to them. For more on dialects themselves, see Japanese dialects (方言ほうげん).

To say it has been happening little by little, add 〜てきた: 口癖くちぐせがうつってきた, "their verbal habit has been rubbing off on me."

How is うつる written?

Usually in hiragana. In kanji it is 移うつる (the general verb "to move, to transfer"), and in manga and novels you will also see the special spelling 伝染うつる, which borrows the kanji of 伝染でんせん "contagion" and reads them うつる. Writing it in hiragana is always safe.

What about 伝染でんせん?

伝染でんせん (densen) is an older word for "contagion." It survives in phrases like 伝染病でんせんびょう ("contagious disease," an older term) and figuratively: 不安ふあんが伝染でんせんする, "anxiety spreads." Medical Japanese now prefers 感染かんせん.

How does this sound in anime?

In school anime, a classic scene is a character refusing to let a friend visit them when they are sick: うつるから来こないで! — "Don't come, you'll catch it!" And in romance, a trope you sometimes see is the opposite: someone says 風邪かぜって人ひとにうつすと治なおるっていうよね ("they say a cold goes away if you give it to someone"), a folk saying people repeat half as a joke.

Common mistakes

  • Using the person as the subject of うつる. 私わたしはうつった sounds like "I spread." Say 風邪かぜがうつった.
  • Mixing up うつる and うつす. The cold うつる (が). You うつす the cold (を).
  • 感染かんせん in casual talk about a cold. It sounds clinical. Use うつる.
  • Looking for an adjective. "It's contagious" is うつる, not an adjective. 感染力かんせんりょくが強つよい is for formal speech.
  • Forgetting the に. The person the illness reaches takes に: 家族かぞくにうつす, 私わたしにうつった.

Which word should you use?

Word Type Pattern Example
うつる intransitive illness が + person に 風邪かぜがうつった
うつす transitive person が illness を + person に 家族かぞくに風邪かぜをうつした
うつりやすい adjective form spreads easily インフルエンザはうつりやすい
感染かんせんする formal verb person が virus に ウイルスに感染かんせんした
感染力かんせんりょくが強つよい formal highly contagious 感染力かんせんりょくが強つよい病気びょうき
伝染でんせんする figurative / older feelings spread 不安ふあんが伝染でんせんする

Practice

Answers are hidden — try your own sentence first, then open. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: the same cold, from the receiver and from the giver.

1. "I caught my roommate's cold." (casual)

Show answer

ルームメイトの風邪かぜがうつった。 — the cold is the subject with が, and うつる is intransitive.

2. "I gave my roommate my cold." (casual)

Show answer

ルームメイトに風邪かぜをうつした。 — now you are the one doing it, so うつす, with を for the cold and に for the person.

3. Ask a doctor politely: "Is it contagious?"

Show answer

うつりますか? — no adjective needed. 人ひとにうつりますか? makes it extra clear.

4. Message to your boss: "I'll stay home today so I don't give it to anyone."

Show answer

うつすといけないので、今日きょうは休やすみます。 — the standard, polite reason for staying home with a cold.

5. "I'm wearing a mask so I don't pass it on."

Show answer

うつさないようにマスクをしています。 — ないように means "so that it won't happen."

6. "Yawns are contagious."

Show answer

あくびはうつる。 — うつる works for anything that spreads just by being near someone.

7. Fix it: 私わたしは弟おとうとに風邪かぜがうつした。

Show answer

私わたしは弟おとうとに風邪かぜをうつした。 — うつす is transitive, so the cold takes を. (Or, from the other side: 弟おとうとに風邪かぜがうつった.)

8. News: "It is a highly contagious disease."

Show answer

感染力かんせんりょくが強つよい病気びょうきです。 — formal register, so 感染力かんせんりょく rather than うつる.

9. "I've started picking up my teacher's verbal habits."

Show answer

先生せんせいの口癖くちぐせがうつってきた。 — てきた shows it has been happening gradually.

Tell me how a cold went around your office or class, using うつる and うつす, in a trial lesson and check the が and を each time.

FAQ

What is the adjective for "contagious" in Japanese? There is no everyday adjective. People say うつる ("it spreads") or うつりやすい ("it spreads easily"). In formal speech, 感染力かんせんりょくが強つよい.

How do I say "I caught a cold" in Japanese? 風邪かぜをひいた. ひく is the verb for catching a cold by yourself; うつる is for catching it from someone. Both are covered in how to say "sick" in Japanese.

Is うつる the same verb as "to be reflected"? Same sound, different kanji. 映うつる means "to be reflected, to appear on screen." 移うつる means "to move, to spread." Context makes it clear.

What does 感染者かんせんしゃ mean? "An infected person." It is used in news and official statistics.

How do I say "Don't worry, it's not contagious"? 大丈夫だいじょうぶ、うつらないよ (casual) or ご心配しんぱいなく、うつりません (polite). For more pairs like うつる and うつす, see transitive and intransitive verbs.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

うつる	うつる — to spread (to someone), to be caught
うつす	うつす — to give (an illness) to someone
うつりやすい	うつりやすい — spreads easily
感染	かんせん — infection
感染する	かんせんする — to become infected
感染症	かんせんしょう — infectious disease
感染力	かんせんりょく — infectiousness
感染者	かんせんしゃ — infected person
伝染	でんせん — contagion
風邪	かぜ — a cold
風邪をひく	かぜをひく — to catch a cold
あくび	あくび — yawn
口癖	くちぐせ — verbal habit, pet phrase
方言	ほうげん — dialect

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. うつる usually comes up in lessons in the most natural way possible — someone has a cold, and we need the word right then. Learners who get the が/を difference between うつる and うつす here tend to find every other verb pair easier afterwards.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

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