LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

City in Japanese: 都市とし, 市し (し), 町まち and 街まち (まち), 都会とかい, and 地元じもと

"City" in Japanese has several words. 都市とし (とし) is a city in the general or formal sense, 市し (し) is an official city, as in 横浜市よこはまし, and in conversation people usually say 町まち or 街まち (まち), "town". The big city, as opposed to the countryside, is 都会とかい (とかい), and the countryside is 田舎いなか (いなか). Your hometown is 地元じもと (じもと).

English uses "city" for everything from a legal unit to a lifestyle. Japanese splits those meanings, and the right word depends on whether you are filling in a form, talking about urban life, or chatting about the neighborhood where you grew up. This post covers the main words and when to use each.

How do you say "city" in Japanese?

What does 都市とし mean?

都市とし (とし) is a city in a general or formal sense: a large urban area. It appears in news and phrases like 大都市だいとし (big city).

東京とうきょうは世界せかい有数ゆうすうの大都市だいとしだ。 — Tokyo is one of the biggest cities in the world. (formal)

What does 市し mean?

市し (し) is an official city, an administrative unit. It follows the city name: 大阪市おおさかし, 横浜市よこはまし. 市役所しやくしょ (しやくしょ) is city hall.

市役所しやくしょで住民登録じゅうみんとうろくをした。 — I registered my address at city hall. (casual)

What is the difference between 町まち and 街まち?

Both are read まち and mean town. 町まち is a town or neighborhood as a place where people live; 街まち is a busy area with streets and shops.

静しずかな町まちに住すんでいる。 — I live in a quiet town. (casual) 夜よるの街まちはにぎやかだ。 — The streets are lively at night. (casual)

How do you talk about city life?

What is the difference between 都会とかい and 田舎いなか?

都会とかい (とかい) is the big city as a lifestyle: busy, crowded, convenient, and full of trains and shops. 田舎いなか (いなか) is the countryside or rural hometown.

都会とかいの生活せいかつは便利べんりだけど疲つかれる。 — City life is convenient but tiring. (casual) 田舎いなかでのんびり暮くらしたい。 — I want to live a slow life in the countryside. (casual)

For busy, packed places, see crowded in Japanese.

What does 地元じもと mean?

地元じもと (じもと) is your hometown or local area, the place you are from or live now.

地元じもとのお祭まつりが楽たのしみだ。 — I'm looking forward to my hometown festival. (casual)

What is 下町したまち?

下町したまち (したまち) is the old downtown area, traditionally where merchants and craftspeople lived. In Tokyo, areas like Asakusa have a 下町したまち atmosphere: friendly, old-fashioned and lively.

下町したまちの雰囲気ふんいきが好すき。 — I love the old-downtown atmosphere. (casual)

Word Reading Meaning
都市とし とし city (general, formal)
大都市だいとし だいとし big city
市し し official city
市役所しやくしょ しやくしょ city hall
町まち まち town, neighborhood
街まち まち streets, busy area
都会とかい とかい the big city (lifestyle)
田舎いなか いなか countryside
地元じもと じもと hometown, local area
下町したまち したまち old downtown

Beyond the basics

What does 街並まちなみみ mean?

街並まちなみみ (まちなみ) is a streetscape: the row of buildings along a street.

京都きょうとの街並まちなみみがきれいだ。 — Kyoto's streetscapes are beautiful. (casual)

What is 東京都とうきょうと?

Tokyo is officially 東京都とうきょうと (とうきょうと), a "metropolis", not a 市し. Inside it are 23 special wards, 区く (く), like 新宿区しんじゅくく. For getting around, see Japanese transportation vocabulary.

What does 町まちおこし mean?

町まちおこし (まちおこし) is town revitalization: local efforts to bring people and business back to a town, often with events or local mascots.

町まちおこしのイベントに参加さんかした。 — I joined a town revitalization event. (casual)

You will see 町まちおこし especially in smaller, quieter towns that are losing young people to the big cities. The people who left often go back for Obon or New Year, a trip called 帰省きせい, and 実家じっか versus 地元じもと separates the parents' house from the whole area they grew up in.

Common mistakes

  • Using 都市とし in casual chat about your town. Say 町まち or 街まち.
  • Calling Tokyo 東京とうきょう市し. It is 東京都とうきょうと.
  • Mixing up 都会とかい and 都市とし. 都会とかい is the city as a lifestyle; 都市とし is a city as a place.
  • Reading 下町したまち as げまち. It is したまち.
  • Thinking 田舎いなか is always negative. It can be warm and nostalgic.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. Questions 5 and 6 are a pair: big-city life versus country life.

1. Say formally, "Tokyo is one of the biggest cities in the world."

Show answer

東京とうきょうは世界せかい有数ゆうすうの大都市だいとしだ。 — 大都市だいとし.

2. Say "I registered my address at city hall."

Show answer

市役所しやくしょで住民登録じゅうみんとうろくをした。 — 市役所しやくしょ.

3. Say "I live in a quiet town."

Show answer

静しずかな町まちに住すんでいる。 — 町まち.

4. Say "The streets are lively at night."

Show answer

夜よるの街まちはにぎやかだ。 — 街まち.

5. Say "City life is convenient but tiring."

Show answer

都会とかいの生活せいかつは便利べんりだけど疲つかれる。 — 都会とかい.

6. Say "I want to live a slow life in the countryside."

Show answer

田舎いなかでのんびり暮くらしたい。 — 田舎いなか. This is the pair to question 5.

7. Say "I'm looking forward to my hometown festival."

Show answer

地元じもとのお祭まつりが楽たのしみだ。 — 地元じもと.

8. Say "I love the old-downtown atmosphere."

Show answer

下町したまちの雰囲気ふんいきが好すき。 — 下町したまち.

9. Say "Kyoto's streetscapes are beautiful."

Show answer

京都きょうとの街並まちなみみがきれいだ。 — 街並まちなみみ.

10. Fix: 東京とうきょう市しに住すんでいます。

Show answer

東京都とうきょうとに住すんでいます。 — Tokyo is 都みやこ.

During a trial lesson, tell me about your 地元じもと and whether you prefer 都会とかい or 田舎いなか, and listen for 町まち, 街まち and 市し as they come up.

FAQ

How do you say "city" in Japanese? 都市とし (formal), 市し (official city), or 町まち/街まち (まち) in conversation.

What is the difference between 都会とかい and 田舎いなか? 都会とかい is the big city; 田舎いなか is the countryside.

What does 地元じもと mean? Your hometown or local area.

What is 下町したまち? The old downtown area.

Is Tokyo a 市し? No, it is 東京都とうきょうと, a metropolis.

What is 市役所しやくしょ? City hall.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

都市	とし — city
大都市	だいとし — big city
市	し — city (official)
市役所	しやくしょ — city hall
町	まち — town
街	まち — streets, busy area
都会	とかい — the big city
田舎	いなか — countryside
地元	じもと — hometown
下町	したまち — old downtown
街並み	まちなみ — streetscape
町おこし	まちおこし — town revitalization

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 地元じもと is a word learners need as soon as they talk about where they grew up, and 都会とかい versus 田舎いなか comes up in almost every conversation about where people want to live. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference dictionaries.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4 · Read something at this level: JLPT N4 stories with audio

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