LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

What anime teaches · Sep 17, 2026

声優せいゆう (seiyuu): what the word means, and why Japan has a separate word for it

声優せいゆう (せいゆう) means "voice actor" — こえ (voice) plus ゆう, the character in 俳優はいゆう (actor). The word exists separately because in Japan it is a separate career with its own training schools, agencies, concerts and fanbase, not a side job for screen actors.

If you watch anime with Japanese audio, this is one of the first pieces of industry vocabulary worth owning, because it unlocks a huge amount of fan conversation, credits, and event listings that otherwise stay opaque.

The basics

What the kanji are doing

  • こえ (こえ / せい) — voice
  • ゆう (ゆう) — actor, performer; the same ゆう in 俳優はいゆう (はいゆう, actor) and 女優じょゆう (じょゆう, actress)

So 声優せいゆう is literally "voice performer." The ゆう character on its own also means "gentle" or "superior," which is unrelated to the acting sense — it is one of those kanji carrying two unconnected meanings that you simply learn separately.

きな声優せいゆうだれですか。 — Who's your favourite voice actor? (polite, a very normal question among anime fans) あのひと声優せいゆうさんですよ。 — That person is a voice actor, you know. (polite-casual, the さん is standard here)

声優せいゆうさん: why the honorific is almost automatic

Japanese fans say 声優せいゆうさん far more often than bare 声優せいゆう when referring to a person, even someone they have never met. The さん is doing polite-distance work, the same way 店員てんいんさん (shop staff) or お医者いしゃさん (doctor) does — it softens a job label into a person.

Bare 声優せいゆう is fine when you mean the profession as a category: 声優せいゆうになりたい ("I want to become a voice actor"). Once you point at a human being, さん tends to appear.

俳優はいゆう, 女優じょゆう, 声優せいゆう: the three ゆう words

Japanese Reading Meaning
俳優はいゆう はいゆう actor (screen/stage, any gender)
女優じょゆう じょゆう actress
男優だんゆう だんゆう male actor (used less; 俳優はいゆう covers it)
声優せいゆう せいゆう voice actor
舞台俳優ぶたいはいゆう ぶたいはいゆう stage actor

俳優はいゆう is the default word for an actor and is not gendered in modern usage, despite 女優じょゆう existing. If you describe a woman as 俳優はいゆう, that is entirely normal and increasingly the preferred usage in the industry.

Beyond the basics

How to say who voices whom

There are two common patterns, and both use やく (やく), meaning "role."

主人公しゅじんこうこえをやっているひとだれですか。 — Who does the main character's voice? (polite, natural spoken Japanese) このやく声優せいゆうさんがきです。 — I like the voice actor for this role. (polite, fan conversation)

Credits use a more compact form: the character name, a colon or a space, then the performer. You will see 〜やく attached directly to a name in event listings, as in 〜やく声優せいゆうさん — "the voice actor who plays ~."

The verb in casual speech is usually やる (to do) or えんじる (えんじる, to perform). こえてる (こえをあてる, "to apply a voice") is the industry term you will hear in interviews.

なかひと: "the person inside"

なかひと literally means "the person inside," and it originally referred to whoever is inside a costumed mascot. It has spread to mean the performer behind any character — a voice actor, a VTuber, or whoever runs a company's social media account.

なかひとわりましたね。 — The person behind it changed, didn't they. (casual, said about a recast or a new account manager)

This phrase carries a faint sense of revealing something you are not supposed to point at, which is why it is used jokingly. In VTuber fandom, なかひと is a genuinely sensitive term and some communities avoid it entirely.

アフレコ, え, 収録しゅうろく

Three words that get confused, all about recording:

  • アフレコ — recording voices over finished or in-progress animation. From English "after recording," which is wasei-eigo — no English speaker says it.
  • (ふきかえ) — dubbing, replacing the original language of a foreign film with Japanese
  • 収録しゅうろく (しゅうろく) — recording session, the general word, used for any studio work

昨日きのう、アフレコでした。 — I had a recording session yesterday. (polite-casual, industry speech)

アフレコ is anime; え is foreign films getting a Japanese track. A 声優せいゆう does both, and many built their careers on え work before anime became the higher-profile side.

Why the career is structured differently

In much of the world, voice acting is something screen actors do between jobs. In Japan it is entered directly: specialist 養成所ようせいじょ (ようせいじょ, training schools) feed into talent agencies, and performers are expected to sing, appear at live events, host radio shows and release records alongside the acting.

That is why a 声優せいゆう can headline a concert, and why anime opening themes are frequently performed by the cast. It also explains a piece of vocabulary you will meet constantly in fan spaces: し, the person or character you actively support.

しの声優せいゆうさんのライブにきます。 — I'm going to my favourite voice actor's live show. (casual, completely ordinary fan sentence)

The vocabulary of credits and events

Japanese Reading Meaning
主人公しゅじんこう しゅじんこう main character
やく やく role, part
出演しゅつえん しゅつえん appearing in (a production)
キャスト きゃすと cast
主題歌しゅだいか しゅだいか theme song
挿入歌そうにゅうか そうにゅうか insert song
イベント いべんと event
舞台挨拶ぶたいあいさつ ぶたいあいさつ stage greeting (cast appearance at a screening)
サインかい さいんかい signing event

出演しゅつえん is the word to watch for on posters: 出演しゅつえん:… introduces the cast list, and 出演しゅつえんする means "to appear in." It covers voice work, screen work and event appearances equally.

Common mistakes

  • Saying 声優せいゆうもの. The word is complete at 声優せいゆう. Adding もの (person) is a natural-looking guess and it is wrong.
  • Using 俳優はいゆう for a voice actor. It is not incorrect as a broad category, but it will read as though you do not know the industry has its own word.
  • Dropping the さん when talking about a specific person. 声優せいゆうさん is the default when pointing at a human being.
  • Assuming 女優じょゆう is required for women. 俳優はいゆう is gender-neutral in current usage, and many performers prefer it.
  • Using え for anime. Anime recording is アフレコ. え is for dubbing foreign material into Japanese.
  • Reading 声優せいゆう as こえゆう. It is せいゆう — the on-reading of こえ.

Which word do I want?

You mean Word Note
Voice actor 声優せいゆう(さん) さん when pointing at a person
Screen or stage actor 俳優はいゆう Gender-neutral in current usage
The performer behind a character なかひと Slightly cheeky; sensitive in VTuber contexts
Recording anime voices アフレコ wasei-eigo, anime-specific
Dubbing a foreign film Not used for anime
A recording session, generally 収録しゅうろく The neutral industry word
The role someone plays やく 主人公しゅじんこうやく, 先生役せんせいやく

Practice

Questions 4 and 5 are the pair: two recording words that fans mix up constantly.

1. Ask politely who someone's favourite voice actor is.

Show answer

きな声優せいゆうだれですか。 — Bare 声優せいゆう is fine here because you are asking about a category, not pointing at a person.

2. Say "that person is a voice actor," politely.

Show answer

あのひと声優せいゆうさんですよ。 — さん appears because you are pointing at a specific human being.

3. Ask who does the main character's voice.

Show answer

主人公しゅじんこうこえをやっているひとだれですか。 — やる is the natural spoken verb here. えんじる is the more formal alternative.

4. Which word describes recording voices for an anime?

Show answer

アフレコ — From "after recording," a wasei-eigo term. Anime-specific.

5. Which word describes dubbing a foreign film into Japanese?

Show answer

— Replacing an original foreign language track. Not used for anime.

6. Say "I'm going to my favourite voice actor's live show," casually.

Show answer

しの声優せいゆうさんのライブにきます。し is the person you actively support. Two の in a row is completely normal here.

7. What does なかひと literally mean, and what does it refer to?

Show answer

なかにいるひと — literally "the person inside." It refers to the performer behind a character, mascot, VTuber or account.

8. Fix this: 声優せいゆうものになりたいです。

Show answer

声優せいゆうになりたいです。 — The word is complete at 声優せいゆう. There is no 声優せいゆうもの.

9. How do you read 声優せいゆう, and which reading of こえ is it?

Show answer

せいゆう — The on-reading せい, not the kun-reading こえ. こえゆう is not a word.

10. You see 出演しゅつえん:on a poster. What follows it?

Show answer

キャスト(ひと名前なまえ — The cast list. 出演しゅつえん means appearing in a production, and covers voice, screen and event work alike.

FAQ

Is 声優せいゆう only used for anime? No. It covers game voices, dubbing foreign films, narration, commercials and audio dramas. Anime is the most visible part of the job, not the whole of it.

Why do voice actors sing? Because the career in Japan is built as a performance career rather than a studio job. Agencies expect live events and music releases, and cast-performed theme songs are an established part of how a series is promoted.

Is なかひと rude? It depends on the community. For anime voice actors it is casual and mostly harmless. In VTuber fandom it points at the separation between performer and character, which many viewers treat as something not to be raised, so it is safer to avoid it there.

What is a 養成所ようせいじょ? A training school for aspiring voice actors, usually attached to or feeding into a talent agency. It is the standard entry route into the profession and typically runs for one to two years.

Should I say 女優じょゆう or 俳優はいゆう for a woman? 俳優はいゆう is safe and increasingly standard. 女優じょゆう is not offensive and appears constantly in media, but if you are unsure, 俳優はいゆう will never be wrong.

What does 〜やく attach to? A character name or a description: 主人公しゅじんこうやく ("the role of the main character"), 先生役せんせいやく ("the teacher role"). It is read やく and appears in credits, event listings and casual conversation alike.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

声優	せいゆう — voice actor
俳優	はいゆう — actor
女優	じょゆう — actress
声	こえ — voice
役	やく — role, part
主人公	しゅじんこう — main character
中の人	なかのひと — the person inside, the performer behind
吹き替え	ふきかえ — dubbing
収録	しゅうろく — recording session
出演	しゅつえん — appearing in a production
主題歌	しゅだいか — theme song
挿入歌	そうにゅうか — insert song
舞台挨拶	ぶたいあいさつ — stage greeting
サイン会	さいんかい — signing event
養成所	ようせいじょ — training school
演じる	えんじる — to perform, to play a role
推し	おし — the one you support, your favourite
変わる	かわる — to change

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 声優せいゆう is usually the first industry word a student asks me about unprompted — normally right after they notice the same voice in two shows and want to say so in Japanese.

Book a trial lesson · $13

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice

Want to try this in a real conversation?

30-minute trial lesson, $13. Times shown in your own timezone.

Book a trial lesson · $13