LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

From the podcast · Sep 12, 2026

Shiritori: the rules of the Japanese word chain game

Shiritori (しりとり) is a word chain game. Someone says a word, the next person says a word that starts with the last sound of it, and you keep going around the circle. You lose if you cannot answer, if you repeat a word someone already said, or if you say a word ending in ん.

This was the very first episode of my NihonGO podcast, recorded back in March 2019 for the free Discord lessons I was running at the time. I have rewritten and expanded it here, because shiritori is still the single easiest game to start playing on the day you learn hiragana.

How do you play shiritori?

Answer — One player says any noun. The next player says a noun beginning with the final character of that word. Repeat until someone gets stuck. The person who ends the chain loses.

The word itself explains the rules: しり (しり, "the rear") + り (とり, "taking"). You take the rear of the word.

さくら → らくだ → だいこん sakura (cherry blossom) → rakuda (camel) → daikon (radish)

だいこん ends in ん, so the person who said it just lost.

Three rules end a game:

How it ends What happened Who loses
No answer Nobody can think of a word starting with that sound The person who cannot answer
Repeat A word that has already been used comes up again The person who repeated it
A word ending in ん is played The person who said it

The ん rule exists for a simple reason: no Japanese word begins with ん. The chain physically cannot continue, so playing one is treated as giving up.

Why do so many beginners lose on ん?

Because a huge share of the vocabulary a beginner learns first ends in ん: みかん, ぱん, ラーメン, にほん, しんぶん, かばん, じかん. Beginner word lists are full of them, so the losing move is also the most available one. If you play without checking the last character of your own word, you will hand the game away inside three turns.

The fix is to practise the opposite habit: before you speak, look at the end of your own word. This sounds trivial, and it is exactly the skill that makes the game useful. You are being forced to hear a word as a sequence of characters rather than as a lump of sound, which is the thing that most learners are still not doing at the point where they can already hold a simple conversation.

What counts as a valid word?

The standard rules are:

  • Nouns only. No verbs, no adjectives, no particles. 「たべる」 is out.
  • No proper nouns, in the strict version. Casual games often allow place names and anime characters, which makes it far easier for beginners. Agree before you start.
  • A word ending in ー hands over the vowel it extends. コーヒー → ひつじ. The ー is not a character you can pass on.
  • Small characters (っ, ゃ, ゅ, ょ) usually count as their full-size version. きって → てがみ.
  • が, ば, ぱ rows can start with the plain version. かばん → ばなな, or ばんごはん if you are trying to lose.

If you are playing with children, the only rules enforced are "no repeats" and "no ん". Everything else is negotiable, and that is the spirit of it.

Which sounds should you be afraid of?

Some endings are traps because very few words begin with them. る is the famous one: 「るすばん」「ルーレット」「ルビー」and then you are out of ideas. Experienced players deliberately hand る to the next person.

The dangerous handoffs, roughly in order:

  1. — almost nothing starts with it
  2. — ぬいぐるみ, ぬの, and that is about it
  3. を, ん — ん is an instant loss; を never starts a word
  4. ゆ, よ, れ, ろ — thin, but survivable

Learning three or four words for each of those is the whole strategy. It also happens to be a genuinely useful vocabulary drill, which is why teachers keep using this game.

Is shiritori actually good Japanese practice?

Answer — Yes, for two specific skills: recall speed and character awareness. It is bad practice for grammar, because you never build a sentence. Use it as a five-minute warm-up, not as a lesson.

What it trains well:

  • Retrieval under pressure. You know the word. The game asks whether you can produce it in two seconds, which is the gap between "I studied this" and "I can speak".
  • Hearing the last character. Beginners routinely mishear ん at the end of a word, or miss that こうえん is four characters, not three.
  • Vocabulary gaps. The moment you get stuck on ね, you have found a hole in your vocabulary, and it is a hole you now care about.

What it does not train: particles, conjugation, politeness level, or anything to do with putting words together. For that you need to actually talk, which is what my 1-on-1 lessons are for.

How do you play it on your own?

Write the chain down instead of speaking it, and give yourself a time limit per word. Or play the harder solo version: every word has to be from one category, and you still cannot end in ん. Ten words in a row from "food" is a real workout.

If you want a version of this with more structure, the Yamanote Line game is the category-based cousin of shiritori and it is the one Japanese people actually play at drinking parties.

Frequently asked questions

Can I use katakana words? Yes. ラーメン, テレビ, コンビニ are all fine. Remember that ー is not a character you can hand over: コーヒー ends in ヒー, so the next word starts with ひ.

What happens with words ending in a long vowel? Convention is you use the vowel. コーヒー → ひつじ (treating it as ひ) is the common house rule, though some groups say the next word must start with the vowel sound itself. Agree first.

Is there a version for kanji? Yes, and it is much harder: 熟語じゅくごしりとり chains four-character compounds. Save it for later.

Do Japanese adults still play this? On long car journeys and with small children, constantly. At drinking parties they switch to the Yamanote Line game, because it is faster and louder.

Play it in your next lesson

If you can read hiragana, you can play shiritori today, and it will show you exactly which words you have and which ones you only think you have.

I am Yuuki, an online Japanese teacher and an Akihabara anime tour guide. I have been teaching Japanese through games, anime and normal conversation since the Discord days this podcast came from, and I still open lessons with a round of shiritori when a student needs to warm up.

Sources: this article is a rewrite of episode 1 of my NihonGO podcast (recorded 2019-03-12). House rules described here are the common Japanese conventions as I teach them; shiritori has no single governing rule set.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice

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