LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Talking to real people · Sep 13, 2026

Japanese filler words: えーと, あの, なんか — and why silence is worse

Filler words are not sloppiness — they are how a speaker signals "still here, still thinking." A learner who pauses silently looks like they have stopped understanding, and the conversation gets rescued away from them. A learner who says えーと sounds like someone searching for a word, which is exactly what they are.

Nobody teaches these, because they are not "real" Japanese. They are, however, the difference between a conversation that continues and one that quietly becomes a monologue.

The basics

The five that do most of the work

Filler What it does Rough English
えーと / えーっと Thinking, searching your own memory "um…", "let me see"
あの / あのう Getting attention, or hesitating before something awkward "er…", "excuse me…"
その Reaching for a word mid-sentence "the, uh…"
まあ Softening, hedging, conceding "well…", "sort of"
なんか Vagueness, approximation "like", "kind of"

えーと、三時さんじぐらいですね。 — Um, around three, I think. あのう、すみません。 — Er, excuse me. まあ、大丈夫だいじょうぶだとおもいます。 — Well, I think it'll be fine. なんか、へんかんじ。 — It feels kind of weird.

えーと and あの are aimed at different people

This is the distinction worth having, and it is not in any textbook.

えーと is internal. You are searching your own head, and the listener is just waiting.

あの is directed at the listener. It opens a channel: it says "I am about to say something to you." That is why あのう、すみません works to get a stranger's attention, and えーと、すみません does not.

えーと、名前なまえは… — Um, the name was… (searching) あのう、ちょっといいですか。 — Er, do you have a moment? (approaching someone)

あの is also the softener for anything awkward — a request, a correction, bad news. あの、じつは… ("er, actually…") is the standard opener for a sentence the listener will not enjoy.

なんか: useful, and easy to overdo

なんか is the Japanese "like." It vagues things up, and it is extremely common in casual speech.

なんかつかれた。 — I'm kind of tired. なんか、よくからないけど。 — Like, I don't really get it, but…

Used occasionally it makes you sound natural. Used every sentence it marks you as young and casual, exactly as "like" does in English. In a job interview or with a client, cut it entirely.

Beyond the basics

あいづち: the listener's job

Japanese conversation expects the listener to make noise. These are called あいづち, and a silent listener is read as bored, confused or disagreeing.

Sound When
はい / ええ Steady acknowledgement, polite
うん Same, casual
そうですね Agreeing, or buying time
なるほど "Ah, I see" — you followed the point
そうなんですか Genuine surprise or interest
へえ Casual surprise

A: 昨日きのう京都きょうとってきました。 B: へえ、いいですね。

The frequency is higher than English speakers expect — a Japanese listener will make a sound every few seconds, and it does not interrupt. Learning to do this is one of the fastest ways to sound like you are actually in the conversation rather than waiting out someone's turn.

なるほど is the most satisfying one to start using, because it tells the speaker their explanation landed. It pairs naturally with asking what something means — question, answer, なるほど, and the conversation keeps moving.

ちょっと: the most useful word in Japanese

ちょっと is not exactly a filler, but it does the same softening work and it has an unusual range.

ちょっとって。 — Wait a sec. (literally "a little") ちょっとすみません。 — Excuse me a moment. (getting attention) ちょっとかりません。 — I don't really know. (softening a negative) ちょっと…(trailing off = no)

That last one is the important one. ちょっと followed by nothing is a refusal. If you invite someone out and they say 今日きょうはちょっと…, the answer is no, and the sentence is finished. Waiting for the rest is the beginner's mistake.

やっぱり and そうですね as thinking time

Two more that buy you seconds while sounding like content.

やっぱり、やめておきます。 — On reflection, I'll pass. (やっぱり = as I thought / after all) そうですね… — Let me think…

そうですね is doing double duty: as an answer it means "you're right," and as an opener with a pause it means "hmm, let me see." Tone and length decide which. Stretching it — そうですねぇ — makes it unambiguously the thinking version.

How does it sound in anime?

Fillers are written into dialogue deliberately, because they characterise:

え、えっと… — U-um… (flustered) あの、その… — Er, um… (cornered, stalling) まあ、いいけど。 — Well, whatever. (conceding, unimpressed) なんていうか… — How do I put it…

なんていうか is worth adding to your set: it means "how shall I say," and it is the polite way to stall before something difficult to phrase. It is a full phrase rather than a noise, so it sounds thoughtful rather than lost.

Buying time with a whole sentence

Beyond single fillers, a few complete sentences work as elegant stalling — they sound like content while you think.

ちょっとかんがえさせてください。 — Let me think for a moment. (polite, buys you real time) えーと、なんうんでしたっけ。 — Um, what's the word again? 日本語にほんごなんうかからないんですが… — I don't know how to say it in Japanese, but…

That last one is worth memorising whole. It admits the gap and keeps the floor, and it almost always produces the word you were looking for — the other person supplies it, which is exactly how asking works when you make it easy for them.

The pattern behind all three: never hand back the turn silently. Say something that signals you are still working on it, and Japanese conversation will wait.

Common mistakes

  • Pausing in silence. Silence reads as "I have stopped understanding," and someone will switch to English to rescue you. A filler keeps the floor.
  • Using えーと to get someone's attention. That is あのう's job. えーと is internal.
  • なんか in every sentence. Natural occasionally; in a work context, cut it.
  • Waiting for the rest of ちょっと… There is no rest. It is a complete refusal.
  • Staying silent as the listener. Japanese expects あいづち every few seconds. Silence reads as disagreement.
  • Using English fillers. "Um" and "uh" mark every pause as foreign. The Japanese versions are two syllables and cost nothing to learn.

Practice

Answers are hidden — build yours first, then open. Questions 2 and 3 are a pair: the same moment of hesitation, aimed at two different people.

1. You need a moment to remember a time. What do you say?

Show answer

えーと… — you are searching your own memory, so the internal filler is right. えーと、三時さんじぐらいですね.

2. You want to get a stranger's attention politely. What do you say?

Show answer

あのう、すみません — あの is aimed at the listener and opens a channel. It is the right tool for approaching someone.

3. Why does えーと、すみません not work for the same job?

Show answer

えーと is internal — it tells the world you are thinking, not that you are addressing someone. This is the pair to question 2: same hesitation, different direction.

4. Someone invites you out and says 今日きょうはちょっと… What did they mean?

Show answer

No — ちょっと followed by nothing is a complete refusal. Waiting for the rest of the sentence is the beginner's mistake.

5. What does なるほど tell the speaker?

Show answer

That their explanation landed — "ah, I see." It is the most satisfying あいづち to start using, because it confirms you followed rather than just heard.

6. Your friend says 昨日きのう京都きょうとってきました. Give a natural casual reaction.

Show answer

へえ、いいですね — へえ is casual surprise. Japanese expects the listener to make a sound every few seconds; silence reads as disinterest.

7. What is the difference between そうですね as an answer and そうですね… as an opener?

Show answer

Agreement vs thinking time — as an answer it means "you're right." Stretched with a pause (そうですねぇ…) it means "hmm, let me see."

8. When should you cut なんか entirely?

Show answer

Work and formal situations — it is the Japanese "like." Natural occasionally in casual speech, and it marks you as very casual if it is in every sentence.

9. What does なんていうか mean, and why is it useful?

Show answer

"How shall I put it…" — it is a full phrase rather than a noise, so stalling with it sounds thoughtful rather than lost.

10. Why is a silent pause worse than a filler?

Show answer

It reads as not understanding — and the other person will usually rescue the conversation by switching to English or changing the subject. A filler says "still here, still thinking."

FAQ

Do fillers make me sound less fluent? The opposite. Fluent speakers of every language use them constantly. What marks a learner is English fillers in Japanese sentences, or silence where a filler should be.

How many should I learn? Three is enough to start: えーと for thinking, あのう for addressing someone, and なるほど for listening. Add まあ and なんか once those are automatic.

Is あいづち really expected that often? Yes, and noticeably more often than in English. On the phone especially, Japanese speakers say はい or ええ every few seconds — its absence makes the other person ask もしもし? to check you are still there.

Is うん rude? Not among friends, and not to someone younger. To a customer or someone senior, use はい or ええ. うん to a client would land as offhand.

What is ええ, exactly? A softer, slightly more formal-sounding はい, common in polite conversation and on the phone. It is not casual — if anything it is a touch more refined than はい in some registers.

What about the long drawn-out えーーーと? Perfectly normal, and useful. Length signals how hard you are searching, and a stretched filler buys more time without anyone feeling the pause has gone wrong.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

えーと	えーと — um, let me see
あのう	あのう — er, excuse me
その	その — the, uh… (searching for a word)
まあ	まあ — well, sort of
なんか	なんか — like, kind of
ちょっと	ちょっと — a little; excuse me; (trailing off) no
やっぱり	やっぱり — as I thought, after all
なるほど	なるほど — ah, I see
そうですね	そうですね — you're right; let me think
そうなんですか	そうなんですか — is that so?
へえ	へえ — oh really (casual surprise)
疲れる	つかれる — to get tired
変	へん — strange
感じ	かんじ — feeling, impression
名前	なまえ — name
実は	じつは — actually, to tell the truth
大丈夫	だいじょうぶ — fine, all right
京都	きょうと — Kyoto

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. Learners spend years on grammar and none on this, and it is the thing that decides whether a Japanese person keeps speaking Japanese to them — a silent pause invites a rescue, and えーと does not.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4

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