LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Floor in Japanese: 床ゆか (ゆか) vs 階かい (かい), 一階いっかい to 三階さんがい, and 床暖房ゆかだんぼう

"Floor" in Japanese is 床ゆか (ゆか) when you mean the surface you stand on, and 階かい (かい) when you mean a level of a building. The first floor is 一階いっかい (いっかい), the second is 二階にかい (にかい), the third is 三階さんがい (さんがい), and "which floor?" is 何階なんがい (なんがい). A basement is 地下ちか (ちか).

English uses one word for the ground under your feet and the level of a building. Japanese uses two, and the 階かい counter has a couple of sound changes worth learning early.

How do you say "floor" in Japanese?

What does 床ゆか mean?

床ゆか (ゆか) is the floor surface inside a room.

床ゆかに座すわって話はなした。 — We sat on the floor and talked. (casual) 床ゆかにスマホを落おとした。 — I dropped my phone on the floor. (casual)

What does 階かい mean?

階かい (かい) is a floor or story of a building. It is used as a counter: 一階いっかい, 二階にかい, 三階さんがい.

トイレは二階にかいにあります。 — The restroom is on the second floor. (polite) エレベーターで五階ごかいまで上あがった。 — I took the elevator up to the fifth floor. (casual)

How do you count floors?

Counting floors is a great way to practice number readings, because the sound changes are the same ones you meet with many other counters. Most are regular, but watch these: 一階いっかい (いっかい), 三階さんがい (さんがい), 六階ろっかい (ろっかい), 八階はっかい (はっかい), 十階じゅっかい (じゅっかい), and 何階なんがい (なんがい). Japan counts the ground floor as 一階いっかい, so the floor at street level is floor one, not floor zero.

If you are used to a system where the ground floor has its own name, this can cause a small mix-up when meeting friends. When in doubt, say 入り口いりぐちの階かい (the entrance floor) or check the floor guide sign by the elevator.

すみません、本屋ほんやは何階なんがいですか。 — Excuse me, which floor is the bookstore on? (polite)

For number basics, see Japanese numbers.

How do you say basement?

地下ちか (ちか) is underground. The first basement level is 地下一階ちかいっかい, often shown with a B for "basement" on signs. Department store food floors, デパ地下ちか, are in the basement.

デパ地下ちかでお弁当べんとうを買かった。 — I bought a bento in the department store basement. (casual)

Word Reading Meaning
床ゆか ゆか floor (surface)
階かい かい floor (level)
一階いっかい いっかい first floor
二階にかい にかい second floor
三階さんがい さんがい third floor
何階なんがい なんがい which floor
地下ちか ちか basement
床暖房ゆかだんぼう ゆかだんぼう floor heating

What is 床暖房ゆかだんぼう?

床暖房ゆかだんぼう (ゆかだんぼう) is floor heating. Many newer Japanese homes have it, and people love sitting on a warm floor in winter.

床暖房ゆかだんぼうがあると冬ふゆが楽らくだ。 — Floor heating makes winter so much easier. (casual)

What is 床屋とこや?

床屋とこや (とこや) is an old-fashioned barbershop. Here 床ゆか is read とこ, an older word for a raised floor or bed. Most people now say 美容院びよういん for hair salons, but the word 床屋とこや still appears on many small neighborhood shops with a spinning striped pole outside.

父ちちは今いまも床屋とこやに行いっている。 — My father still goes to the barbershop. (casual)

For hair salon words, see how to say haircut in Japanese.

Why do Japanese people sit on the floor?

Traditional rooms have tatami mats, a woven straw flooring that is soft and smells faintly of grass. In these rooms, people sit, eat, and even sleep on the floor. Even in Western-style apartments, many families keep a low table and sit on cushions. That is why shoes come off at the entrance: the floor is a place you live on, not just walk across.

日本にほんでは床ゆかに布団ふとんを敷しいて寝ねる人ひとも多おおい。 — Many people in Japan sleep on a futon laid on the floor. (casual)

Common mistakes

  • Saying 床ゆか for a building level. Use 階かい.
  • Not knowing the reading さんがい. 三階さんがい is traditionally さんがい (you will also hear さんかい).
  • Reading 一階いっかい as いちかい. It is いっかい.
  • Reading 床屋とこや as ゆかや. It is とこや.
  • Thinking 一階いっかい is above the ground floor. It is the ground floor.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. Questions 1 and 3 are a pair: the floor surface and a building level.

1. Say "We sat on the floor and talked."

Show answer

床ゆかに座すわって話はなした。 — 床ゆか.

2. Say "I dropped my phone on the floor."

Show answer

床ゆかにスマホを落おとした。 — 床ゆか.

3. Say politely "The restroom is on the second floor."

Show answer

トイレは二階にかいにあります。 — 階かい. This is the pair to question 1.

4. Say "I took the elevator up to the fifth floor."

Show answer

エレベーターで五階ごかいまで上あがった。 — 五階ごかい.

5. Ask politely which floor the bookstore is on.

Show answer

すみません、本屋ほんやは何階なんがいですか。 — 何階なんがい.

6. Say "I bought a bento in the department store basement."

Show answer

デパ地下ちかでお弁当べんとうを買かった。 — デパ地下ちか.

7. Say "Floor heating makes winter so much easier."

Show answer

床暖房ゆかだんぼうがあると冬ふゆが楽らくだ。 — 床暖房ゆかだんぼう.

8. Say "My father still goes to the barbershop."

Show answer

父ちちは今いまも床屋とこやに行いっている。 — 床屋とこや.

9. How do you read 三階さんがい?

Show answer

さんがい — the third floor.

10. Say "Many people in Japan sleep on a futon laid on the floor."

Show answer

日本にほんでは床ゆかに布団ふとんを敷しいて寝ねる人ひとも多おおい。 — 床ゆかに布団ふとんを敷しく.

FAQ

How do you say "floor" in Japanese? 床ゆか (ゆか) for the surface, 階かい (かい) for a level.

How do you say "first floor"? 一階いっかい (いっかい).

How do you say "which floor?" 何階なんがい (なんがい).

How do you say "basement"? 地下ちか (ちか).

What is 床暖房ゆかだんぼう? Floor heating.

How do you read 床屋とこや? とこや, a barbershop.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

床	ゆか — floor (surface)
階	かい — floor (level)
一階	いっかい — first floor
二階	にかい — second floor
三階	さんがい — third floor
何階	なんがい — which floor
地下	ちか — basement
デパ地下	デパちか — department store food floor
床暖房	ゆかだんぼう — floor heating
床屋	とこや — barbershop

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 何階なんがいですか is one of the most useful questions in any Japanese department store, and さんがい is the reading learners most often trip on. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference dictionaries.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5 · Read something at this level: JLPT N5 stories with audio

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