LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Grammar, one piece at a time · Sep 17, 2026

どうやって: how to ask "how" in Japanese — and the three words that all mean "how

どうやって asks about method: どうやってきますか is "how do you get there?" どう asks about state or impression: どうですか is "how is it?" And どうすればいいですか asks for advice: "what should I do?" English uses "how" for all three; Japanese does not.

"How" is one of the question words learners reach for most and get wrong most, because English collapses three separate ideas into a single word. Splitting them apart is a small piece of work with a large payoff.

The basics

どうやって: by what method

どうやって is どう ("how") plus やって (the te-form of やる, "to do"). Literally "doing how." It asks about the means or the procedure.

どうやってきますか。 — How do you get there? (polite — asking about route or transport) これ、どうやって使つかうんですか。 — How do you use this? (polite — asking for a procedure)

This is the one you want whenever the answer would be a method: a train line, a set of steps, a technique.

どう: how is it

どう on its own asks about state, impression or condition.

日本にほんはどうですか。 — How is Japan? (polite — asking for an impression) あじはどうですか。 — How does it taste? (polite)

どう cannot ask about method. どうきますか is odd — it sounds like you are asking what going is like rather than which route to take. The method version needs やって.

どうすればいいですか: what should I do

This asks for advice or instruction, and it is the most useful of the three in a real emergency.

どうすればいいですか。 — What should I do? (polite — asking for guidance) 切符きっぷくしました。どうすればいいですか。 — I've lost my ticket. What should I do? (polite)

すれば is the ば-conditional of する, so this literally means "if I do how, is it good?" That conditional shape is covered in と, ば, たら and なら.

Beyond the basics

どのように: the formal どうやって

どのように means the same as どうやって and belongs in writing, presentations and formal speech.

どのようにすすめればよろしいでしょうか。 — How should we proceed? (very formal, business)

You will meet this in business email and in written instructions. In conversation it sounds stiff, so どうやって is almost always the better choice out loud.

どうして is not in this family

どうして looks like it belongs here and does not — it means "why."

どうしてなかったんですか。 — Why didn't you come? (polite, and somewhat direct)

どうして, なぜ and なんで all mean "why," with なぜ the most formal and なんで the most casual. None of them asks about method. Confusing どうして with どうやって produces a question about motive when you wanted one about procedure.

ほう (かた): the noun version of "how to"

Attach ほう to a verb stem and you get "the way of doing it" as a noun.

使い方つかいかたかりません。 — I don't know how to use it. (polite) 読み方よみかたおしえてください。 — Please teach me how to read it. (polite)

This is often more natural than a どうやって question, because it lets you state a problem rather than ask a question: 使い方つかいかたかりません is softer and less demanding than どうやって使つかいますか.

It is also the structure behind a lot of everyday vocabulary — 作り方つくりかた (recipe), 行き方いきかた (directions), 考え方かんがえかた (way of thinking), 話し方はなしかた (manner of speaking).

どんな: what kind of

Another word that gets translated as "how" in some English sentences, but actually means "what kind of."

どんな音楽おんがくきですか。 — What kind of music do you like? (polite)

どんな always attaches to a noun. どんなですか on its own is not a sentence — for that you want どうですか.

The shrinkage in casual speech

どうやってくの? — How do you get there? (casual) どうすればいい? — What should I do? (casual) どうしよう。 — Oh no, what do I do. (casual — said to yourself, not a real question)

どうしよう is worth having. It is the sound of someone realizing they have a problem, said out loud to nobody, and it appears constantly in anime and in ordinary life.

Common mistakes

  • Using どう for method. どうきますか asks what going is like. The method version is どうやってきますか.
  • Confusing どうして with どうやって. One asks why, the other asks how. They differ by one syllable and by everything else.
  • Using どのように in conversation. Correct but stiff. Say どうやって.
  • Saying どんなですか. どんな needs a noun after it. Standing alone, the word is どう.
  • Asking どうやって〜ますか when 〜ほう would be softer. 使い方つかいかたかりません often lands better than a direct question, especially with a stranger.
  • Forgetting that どうすればいいですか works when you cannot name the problem. It is the universal "help" sentence and requires no vocabulary at all.

Three kinds of "how"

You want to ask Word Example
By what method どうやって どうやってきますか
How is it, what's it like どう 日本にほんはどうですか
What should I do どうすればいいですか どうすればいいですか
How (formal, written) どのように どのようにすすめますか
Why どうして / なぜ / なんで どうしてなかったんですか
What kind of どんな + noun どんな音楽おんがくきですか
The way of doing it (noun) verb stem + ほう 使い方つかいかた / 読み方よみかた / 行き方いきかた

Practice

Questions 1 and 2 are the pair: the same verb, and only one of them asks about the route.

1. Ask politely how someone gets there — by what route or transport.

Show answer

どうやってきますか。 — Method needs やって. どう alone would ask what going is like.

2. Ask politely how Japan is — what someone's impression is.

Show answer

日本にほんはどうですか。 — どう for state and impression, with no やって.

3. You have lost your ticket. Ask for guidance, politely.

Show answer

切符きっぷくしました。どうすればいいですか。 — The universal help sentence. It requires no vocabulary about the problem itself.

4. Say "I don't know how to use it," politely.

Show answer

使い方つかいかたかりません。 — Verb stem + ほう. Softer than a direct question, and often more natural.

5. Ask what kind of music someone likes.

Show answer

どんな音楽おんがくきですか。 — どんな always attaches to a noun.

6. Ask why someone didn't come, politely.

Show answer

どうしてなかったんですか。 — どうして is "why," not "how." なぜ is more formal, なんで more casual.

7. Ask casually how to get there.

Show answer

どうやってくの? — Plain form plus の, which softens it into curiosity.

8. Say "oh no, what do I do" to yourself.

Show answer

どうしよう。 — Not a real question. It is the sound of realizing you have a problem.

9. Fix this: どうきますか。(meaning "which route do I take?")

Show answer

どうやってきますか。 — Method requires やって. Without it the question is about what the journey is like.

10. Fix this: どんなですか。

Show answer

どうですか。 — どんな cannot stand alone; it needs a noun. On its own the word is どう.

FAQ

Is どうやって or どのように more polite? どのように is more formal, not more polite. どうやって is perfectly polite in speech; どのように simply belongs to written and business register.

How do I ask "how much"? いくら for money, どれくらい for amount or duration. Neither uses どう, despite the English word "how" appearing in both.

What is the difference between どうして, なぜ and なんで? All three mean "why." なぜ is the most formal and common in writing; どうして is neutral; なんで is casual and can sound blunt. All three can land as accusatory, so a softening んですか ending helps.

Is どうしよう rude? No — it is not directed at anyone. It is a thought said out loud. Saying it in front of someone often prompts them to offer help, which is part of why it gets said.

Can I use 〜ほう with any verb? Almost. Attach it to the ます-stem: 作り方つくりかた, 行き方いきかた, 食べ方たべかた. A few verbs resist it for meaning reasons, but the pattern is very general.

What is 行き方いきかた read as? いきかた. Note that the き in a destination sign (東京行とうきょうゆきき) is read ゆき instead — same kanji, different fixed reading in a different context.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

どうやって	どうやって — how, by what method
どう	どう — how, what's it like
どのように	どのように — how (formal)
どうして	どうして — why
なぜ	なぜ — why (formal)
なんで	なんで — why (casual)
どんな	どんな — what kind of
使い方	つかいかた — how to use
読み方	よみかた — how to read
作り方	つくりかた — how to make, recipe
行き方	いきかた — how to get there
考え方	かんがえかた — way of thinking
話し方	はなしかた — manner of speaking
切符	きっぷ — ticket
無くす	なくす — to lose
味	あじ — taste
音楽	おんがく — music
進める	すすめる — to proceed with

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. どうすればいいですか is the sentence I tell every beginner to memorize before a trip — it is the one question that works when you do not have the vocabulary to describe the problem.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4

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